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Back羽衣甘蓝农残争议:专家辟谣并提供食用建议
羽衣甘蓝农残争议:专家辟谣并提供食用建议
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中国新闻网1 hour agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

羽衣甘蓝农残争议:专家辟谣并提供食用建议

Quick Look

近期羽衣甘蓝因农药残留争议受关注,上海农科院专家指出‘最脏蔬果榜’仅供参考,食用羽衣甘蓝与观赏型不同,可通过物理生物防治降低农残,并建议正确清洗方法及均衡饮食。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

羽衣甘蓝因低热量高纤维受欢迎,但近期因社交媒体传播‘农残超标’和‘绿化带植物’言论引发安全担忧,源头为国外民间组织的‘最脏蔬果榜’.

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一段时间以来,羽衣甘蓝这种蔬菜很受市场欢迎,在减脂餐、果蔬汁等产品中常能看到。据商家介绍,羽衣甘蓝热量低且富含膳食纤维和维生素,属于健康食品。

可最近,“羽衣甘蓝农残超标”“不打农药种不出来”的话题在社交媒体上很受关注,更有博主发帖称“羽衣甘蓝是绿化带植物,吃羽衣甘蓝等于啃绿化带”。这是真的吗?

“最脏蔬果”有局限性

最近的羽衣甘蓝热点,源自国外某民间组织发布的“最脏蔬果榜”。该榜单显示,羽衣甘蓝的农药残留种类仅次于菠菜,位于“最脏蔬果榜”第二位。不过,该榜单的准确性在业界颇有争议。

上海农科院科技兴农办主任、国家蔬菜改良上海分中心研究员谢祝捷认为,榜单结果“仅供参考”,只能说明部分农产品在种植中用过较多种农药,但不能证明某种农产品必然有问题。“榜单本身出自民间组织,并非官方机构,数据准确性有待核实。同时,榜单的排名依据是‘农残检出种类数量’,而非‘农残超标量’。‘检出’不等于‘超标’,不能脱开剂量谈毒性。”

部分博主将食用羽衣甘蓝与观赏型羽衣甘蓝混为一谈,得出“绿化带植物受污染严重,所以羽衣甘蓝不能吃”的结论,也属于误导。

谢祝捷介绍,食用羽衣甘蓝与观赏型羽衣甘蓝在园艺学上属于同一个物种的不同育种结果,它们虽是“近亲”,但育种方向、种植标准完全不同。食用羽衣甘蓝以深绿色居多,育种时注重口感、营养价值等,种植、销售等各环节必须符合国家对农产品的各项要求。而观赏用羽衣甘蓝在育种时,更关注色叶、造型、环境适应性等,无须考虑口感,其病虫害防治和药剂使用遵循花卉养护标准。

不用农药也能种

社交平台传播的“羽衣甘蓝不打农药种不出”的说法,也不符合实际情况。

谢祝捷指出,羽衣甘蓝所具有的天然风味吸引菜青虫等害虫,加上叶片展开、生长周期长,确实比较“招虫”。但防治虫害并非只有使用化学农药一种方法。上海地处长江中下游区域,是越冬露地蔬菜优势产区,冬季气候条件对羽衣甘蓝等冷凉型蔬菜十分友好,虫害发生程度远低于夏秋时节。因此,越冬栽培的羽衣甘蓝可以实现很少用药。

面对高温高湿环境中食叶害虫较为活跃的情况,也有比较成熟的物理和生物学防治方法。云南某羽衣甘蓝种植基地负责人陈先生介绍:“我们不用化学农药,而是通过物理隔离网、植物源农药、微生物菌剂等进行病虫害防治。”陈先生强调,“我们基地的羽衣甘蓝经过第三方机构超过800项农残检测,各项结果都是‘未检出’。在国内,很多种植基地和我们类似,都能通过物理和生物防虫技术,最大限度减少农残。”

谢祝捷也表示,即便是化学药剂,合规农药也具有高效低毒、易降解等特点,高毒农药早已被禁用。而且根据国家要求,农产品上市前有法定的“安全间隔期”,即最后一次施用农药距离农产品采收须满足一定的间隔天数,以确保采收时农残降至国家安全标准以内。

一线种植者和农业专家还纠正了一个误区:“果蔬有虫眼就证明没打药”的说法不准确。虫咬痕迹只能证明发生过虫害,与是否用药、农残是否超标没有必然关系。对使用防虫网、诱虫板等物理隔绝方式的生产基地而言,果蔬不打药而保持外观完整洁净完全可行。

这么吃更健康

在业内人士看来,正规渠道出售的食用型羽衣甘蓝,食品安全风险并不高。

部分消费者对羽衣甘蓝的安全担忧,在于其特殊的叶片形态:叶片层叠卷曲,褶皱沟壑多,药液、尘土容易藏匿在缝隙中。谢祝捷建议,清洗羽衣甘蓝时,可以将叶片逐片撕下,去掉外层破损老叶,然后在流动清水下轻搓褶皱缝隙。之后,将叶片放入清水或低浓度小苏打水中浸泡5分钟左右,再次冲洗沥干即可。

注册营养师薛庆鑫表示,羽衣甘蓝膳食纤维丰富,因此口感略粗糙;其含有的硫代葡萄糖苷及其水解产物具有一定的苦味和辛辣风味,也会影响口感。硫代葡萄糖苷受热会分解,若吃之前对羽衣甘蓝进行焯水处理,也能减轻苦辣味。

谢祝捷还提醒,羽衣甘蓝虽然富含膳食纤维、维生素、微量矿物质等营养成分,但没必要将其神化为“超级蔬菜”。作为羽衣甘蓝的“表兄弟”,同属十字花科芸薹属的西蓝花、芥蓝等蔬菜热量较低,营养价值同样很高,含有蔬菜中抗氧化能力较强的莱菔子苷,并兼具口感和饱腹感。所以,不论是为了减脂还是均衡营养,不必顿顿吃羽衣甘蓝,可以交替食用不同蔬菜,坚持食物多样化。

(解放日报 本报记者 任翀)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 随着专家澄清和正确清洗方法的传播,羽衣甘蓝的市场需求将逐步恢复。

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 监管部门可能会加强对蔬菜农残的监测频率,并发布官方指南以区分食用型与观赏型作物。

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 国内羽衣甘蓝的实际农残检测合格率是多少?
  • 不同种植方式(露地、越冬、温室)对农残影响的具体数据?
  • 消费者最有效的家庭清洗方法是什么?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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