
浙江工业大学法学院院长吕鑫解读基金会公信力建设与监管变化
11月10日,新修订的《基金会管理条例》发布,这是该条例实施22年来的首次全面修订。浙江工业大学社会科学研究院院长、法学院院长吕鑫解读称,修订从设立变更终止全周期、内部决策执行监督、募捐捐赠信息公开、监管法律责任四方面强化基金会公信力,并引入多方协同监管与“双罚制”。
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11月10日,新修订的《基金会管理条例》发布,这是该条例实施22年来的首次全面修订。
11月10日,新修订的《基金会管理条例》发布,这是该条例实施22年来的首次全面修订。如何加强基金会的公信力建设?除了完善内部治理,又细化了哪些外部监管与法律责任?制度规范之下,如何促进基金会健康有序发展?《新闻1+1》本期节目,主持人连线浙江工业大学社会科学研究院院长、法学院院长吕鑫,带来分析解读。
如何加强基金会的公信力建设?
浙江工业大学社会科学研究院院长、法学院院长吕鑫:我觉得这次修订最重要的就是第一条里面新增规定的加强基金会公信力建设,那么之所以要把这个作为最重要的一条突显出来,其实本质上就是要加强我们基金会的公益属性。可以从四个方面来看这种加强:
首先是在基金会的设立、变更和终止的全周期都对其做了更为详尽的规定。
第二是在基金会内部活动的决策、执行和监督等方面也做了一种细化的规定。
第三是在基金会的活动,包括其募捐、捐赠财产的使用和信息公开上都做了全流程相应的规定。
第四在基金会的监管上面做了一系列的更为详尽的完整规定。
应该说这四个方面规定,都是围绕着基金会的公信力建设展开的,其目的就是加强和完善我们基金会的健康运行,确保其健康有序开展活动。
信息公开包括哪些内容?
吕鑫:我觉得这一次在信息公开方面,之所以进行专章规定,其实就是为了提升它的公信力,那么这一次在公信力提升方面,也就是涉及信息公开这个方面,主要包括三方面内容:
第一是对于登记管理部门来说,明确了登记管理部门需要对基金会登记及其相关的信息进行相应的公开,这是登记管理部门的责任。
第二是对于基金会本身明确了对于它的一系列需要公开的内容。
第三也是非常重要的,就是从年报制度的角度来说,就要求基金会每年在5月31日之前,向社会公开它的年度报告,以此来接受社会各方的监督。
应该来说这三个方面都是围绕着它的公开、透明这样一个方向所进行的修订,其根本目的还是围绕着提升公信力所展开的。
从监管看这次修订有哪些重大变化?
吕鑫:我觉得有三个方面的变化,第一从主体上来说是从双重监管到多方协同,也就是从原来强调登记管理机关和业务主管单位双重管理,那么逐渐转化成由政府统筹、行业自制和社会参与三位一体的监管主体的体系,这是第一点。
第二就是在实际的监管过程中,我们就会发现整个监管从措施上来说是从以年检为主,现在转变为多种措施共同使用来确保监管能够有效实现。
第三就是在法律责任上面,以前主要是做了一些重点性的规定,这一次应该来说实现了全面覆盖,对可能发生的违法违规活动,都做了一个比较详尽的规定。可以说在这一次的修订中,监管和法律责任应该来说是做了非常详细的完善。
“双罚制”有哪些作用?
吕鑫:我觉得这次的“双罚制”其实主要体现在三个方面的作用,第一是解决以前基金会有责任,个人没有责任这种局面,确保两者都有相应的责任的规定。第二实际上是对基金会内部的一种倒逼,也就是确保基金会内部的这些负责人在决策执行过程中要合法合规的开展。第三我觉得是净化行业,就是真正能够把那些尽职履职都能做好的人留在基金会行业中,确保基金会能够有序良好的运行和发展。
如何促进基金会健康有序发展?
吕鑫:我觉得对于这个问题核心要突出专业化,这个专业化又分成三个方面,第一是基金会目的的专业化,也就是说我们基金会应该聚焦于某一个公益目的,特别是聚焦于社会弱势群体急需的一些领域,以这些领域来开展相关的活动,而不是贪大求全。
第二是治理的专业化,也就是在决策执行和监督上,在内部机制的建立和运行过程中,要做到专业化,做到合规的开展活动。
第三就是活动过程也应该要做到专业化,从慈善募捐到捐赠使用,到信息公开,应该依规的开展,能够进一步提升其公信力一些相关的规定和要求,都要去履行,并且做好相应的相关工作。

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