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Back電商平台販售電子煙遭裁罰 法院認具廣告效應即負管理責任
電商平台販售電子煙遭裁罰 法院認具廣告效應即負管理責任
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自由时报20 minutes agoLaw2 min readChinaView translation

電商平台販售電子煙遭裁罰 法院認具廣告效應即負管理責任

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衛福部國民健康署加強監控社群及電商平台違規販售電子煙與加熱菸,露天市集、旋轉拍賣等平台因未即時攔截或移除違規廣告頁面遭地方政府裁罰,高雄高等行政法院及台北高等行政法院判決認為,平台具有廣告傳播效果及監控下架能力,即負有合理管理義務,駁回業者以言論自由或關鍵字未列入為由的抗辯。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

為杜絕電子煙、加熱菸等新興菸品危害,衛福部國民健康署近3年加強監控社群及電商平台違規販售、廣告情形。2023年3月22日《菸害防制法》修法施行後,國健署加強網路監控並分派各縣市政府查察。

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嘉市衛生局人員巡查網路是否有違規販售、廣告電子煙。(記者王善嬿攝)

為杜絕電子煙、加熱菸等新興菸品危害,衛福部國民健康署近3年加強監控社群及電商平台違規販售、廣告情形,IG、蝦皮、露天市集、旋轉拍賣等網路業者雖非實際賣家,仍因平台出現違規商品廣告、未即時攔截或移除頁面,遭地方政府裁罰40萬至逾百萬元。業者陸續以法規未禁止「接受刊載」、廣告業或傳播媒體業者定義不明、侵害網路言論自由等主張自我救濟,狀告地方政府訴訟不斷,《菸害防制法》如何落實網路管理,成為新一波執法挑戰。

2023年3月22日《菸害防制法》修法施行後,國健署加強網路監控並分派各縣市政府查察,除查處上架販售電子煙等類菸品及相關組合元件的賣家,出現違規商品廣告的社群及電商平台也成為裁罰對象。

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露天市集平台2023年至2024年間遭查獲賣家上架「口含煙」、「煙油」等產品,先後遭嘉義縣、市衛生局裁罰,其中嘉市查獲4個會員帳號,共開罰160萬元。露天主張,部分商品在新法上路前已下架,平台設有關鍵字屏蔽等防範機制,但違規商品名稱未必列入主管機關提供的關鍵字,若要求平台完全零檢出,不僅增加管理成本,也恐侵害使用者言論自由。另也質疑,菸害防制法未就「廣告業或傳播媒體業者」構成要件定義規定、執法標準模糊不明。

高雄高等行政法院則認為,露天向賣家收取交易服務費,每月網頁瀏覽量破10億次,商品上架已具廣告宣傳效果,即使商品下架,平台未同步移除廣告頁面仍有過失;業者經營平台有收益,本應投入相當成本管理。嘉義縣案二審駁回確定,嘉義市案一審敗訴,將進入二審。

相同案例還有「旋轉拍賣」2024年2月也因賣家刊登「悅刻一代、霧化彈替換桿」等電子煙商品,遭台中市衛生局裁罰40萬元。旋轉拍賣主張已設關鍵字攔截及人工巡查,但法院認為,平台原採「字串包含關鍵字」攔截,後來為降低誤擋及人工審查成本,改成必須與關鍵字「完全相同」才攔截,導致「悅刻一代」成功上架,認定平台未採取「技術上可期待的合理管理措施」判敗訴。

另外,露天市集平台2023年12月另遭新北市政府查獲賣家刊登「IQOS」、「ILUMA」等加熱菸相關商品,遭裁罰40萬元。露天辯稱僅提供交易平台,涉案商品也只是保護套,並非加熱菸或必要組合元件,但台北高等行政法院認為,平台具有監控、下架能力,相關關鍵字早已列入國健署違法商品清單,難認已盡注意義務,判露天敗訴。

法界認為,從相關判決可見,法官傾向電商平台並非「不是賣家」即可免責,只要具有廣告傳播效果及監控、下架能力,即負有合理管理義務;平台應負多高程度的事前監控責任,也將成為新興菸品網路執法的重要攻防焦點。

☆自由電子報關心您,吸菸有害健康☆

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未來將有更多電商平台因違規菸品廣告遭裁罰

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 平台應負擔多高程度的事前監控責任尚未明確界定
  • 關鍵字攔截機制的標準化程度如何平衡準確性與成本
  • 未來是否會有更明確的法律定義來界定『廣告業或傳播媒體業者』的範疇

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