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Back睡眠追蹤器可能讓人睡得更差:專家警告「睡眠分數」是虛構概念
睡眠追蹤器可能讓人睡得更差:專家警告「睡眠分數」是虛構概念
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BBC中文1 hour agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

睡眠追蹤器可能讓人睡得更差:專家警告「睡眠分數」是虛構概念

Quick Look

隨著睡眠追蹤設備普及,部分人因過度依賴睡眠分數而產生焦慮,反而影響睡眠品質。專家指出,所謂睡眠分數並無科學基礎,是製造商創造的概念,過度追求完美睡眠可能導致orthosomnia,實際上讓人睡得更差。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

睡眠追蹤設備自2009年Fitbit Classic推出睡眠分析功能後普及,現由多品牌提供睡眠階段追蹤與睡眠分數評估。部分用戶過度依賴該分數,導致對睡眠品質產生焦慮。

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作者,阿什蕯·納格什(Ashitha Nagesh)

角色,BBC記者

發表時間:12 分鐘前

閱讀時間:3 分鐘

睡眠評分、鎂補充劑、白噪音機器——睡覺曾經是簡單的事,如今卻成了一片雷區。

這種嘗試優化睡眠的做法,被稱為「睡眠極大化」(sleepmaxxing)。如果做得太過火,就可能會演變成「完美睡眠主義症」(orthosomnia),臨床上指追求完美睡眠的一種執著。

雖然這在英國並未被正式列為疾病,但醫生向BBC表示,他們留意到部分病人出現完美睡眠主義症的跡象。有些病人帶著睡眠追蹤數據求診,錯誤地深信自己患有睡眠障礙。

醫生警告,對睡眠的執著,實際上讓人們睡得更差。

到底睡眠為何以變得如此複雜?如果「睡眠極大化」不是答案,一夜好眠的祕訣又是什麼?

「睡眠分數完全是憑空創造出來的」

第一款納入睡眠分析功能的商用追蹤器,是2009年推出的 Fitbit Classic。

此後,包括 Garmin、Whoop 和 Apple在內的多個品牌,都在腕戴式裝置中加入睡眠追蹤功能,Oura、Ultrahuman 和 RingConn 等智慧戒指也不例外。

這些裝置各有不同,但普遍都會向使用者提供一份夜間睡眠報告,並依睡眠階段分類——清醒時間、淺眠、深眠,以及 REM(rapid eye movement,快速動眼)睡眠。許多裝置還會提供所謂的「睡眠分數」。

不過,倫敦皇家布朗普頓醫院(Royal Brompton Hospital)睡眠醫學顧問醫生阿蘭娜·黑爾(Alanna Hare)表示,睡眠分數這個概念「完全是憑空創造出來的」。

她告訴BBC:「在睡眠科學中,根本沒有任何獲認可的東西叫做『睡眠分數』。這純粹是製造商創造出來的概念。」

睡眠追蹤讓人睡得更糟?

黑爾醫生表示,她留意到追蹤器在部分病人身上引發焦慮。

「我發現,越來越多病人帶著各種追蹤器的數據來見我,對睡眠提出許多疑問,而這些疑問⋯⋯很可能正在加劇他們的睡眠困難。」

她說,即使部分人接受醫學檢查後證實沒有問題,也未能消除他們的憂慮。

「大眾更關注睡眠作為身心健康的一部分,這是好事。但睡眠其實不適合透過追求完美來改善。」

在美國三藩市(舊金山),上月一宗擬議訴訟指控 Oura 戒指無法準確測量睡眠品質及睡眠階段,而是依賴人工智慧生成的估算結果,其準確率「如同擲硬幣一般」。

對此,Oura 向 BBC 表示,公司「對自身的科學研究以及準確性主張充滿信心」。

該公司補充:「我們致力於清楚說明 Oura 實際測量了什麼、估算了什麼,以及會員應如何使用這些資訊。」

白天表現的影響

研究也顯示,即使睡眠追蹤器並不準確,它們仍可能影響你白天的表現。

在牛津大學的研究中,參與者獲發配有評分功能的睡眠追蹤器。但有關評分實際上是隨機分配的,跟參與者真實睡眠狀況毫無關係。

翌日,參與者要評估自己的情緒、疲勞程度與警覺性,再接受專注力及反應時間的測試。

研究人員發現,被告知自己「睡得不好」的人,即使所有睡眠評分都是虛假的,仍表示感到更加疲憊,且精神警覺性較低。

「擔憂的循環」

32 歲的傑絲·希爾(Jess Hill)也在自己身上留意到這種情況。

她在倫敦從事人力資源專業,她說幾年前購入 Garmin 手錶後,「我開始把手錶當成判斷自己睡得好不好的一切依據」。

「我會想:『我昨晚睡得很糟,所以今天一定會很難熬。』即使事實上我可能睡得還不錯。如果睡得非常好,我又會深信自己一定能有最佳表現。即使很累,我還是會硬撐下去。」

她形容,自己對追求高睡眠分數的「執迷」持續了三年之久,直到今年稍早,她開始留意到手錶顯示的結果與實際不符。

她對BBC說:「前幾週有一晚,我在深夜醒著四個小時,手錶卻顯示『哇,睡得真棒!』——我明明從凌晨1點一直清醒到早上5點。」

BBC已就此向 Garmin 查詢。

他告訴BBC:「睡眠追蹤的問題在於,它給你一個數字,而這個數字會變成一個目標。於是你會開始陷入循環,不斷因為這些數字,而擔憂自己的睡眠品質和時數。」

究竟如何睡得好?

睡眠專家黑爾醫生的建議:

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未來將有更多研究探討睡眠追蹤器對心理健康的影響

    Likely · Within months

  • 部分可穿戴設備製造商可能會調整睡眠分數的呈現方式或增加科學解釋

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 睡眠追蹤器的準確度究竟如何?
  • 長期使用睡眠追蹤器對心理健康的影響是什麼?
  • 有什麼更可靠的方式來評估睡眠品質?
  • 製造商是否應該對睡眠分數的科學依據更透明?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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