
东部型超强厄尔尼诺事件于9月形成,预将成为有监测以来最强事件,可能导致我国秋冬季大气扩散条件变差,出现长时间大范围重污染。生态环境部表示将优化应对预案,辽宁、陕西等地已启动智能监控平台,通过数字化手段严密监视企业排放,确保治污设施稳定运行。
AI-generated summary
厄尔尼诺是指赤道中东太平洋海域海水温度异常升高、影响大气环流的一种气候现象。历史经验表明,超强厄尔尼诺往往导致秋冬季东亚冬季风偏弱,我国北方地区冷空气活动减少,大气扩散条件变差,容易出现长时间、大范围的重污染过程。
日前,“超强厄尔尼诺已形成”的话题冲上了热搜。一次“东部型超强厄尔尼诺事件”已于9月正式形成。此次事件发展速度快、强度强,预计将成为有系统性监测以来的最强厄尔尼诺事件。“厄尔尼诺”是指赤道中东太平洋海域海水温度异常升高、影响大气环流的一种气候现象。从历史经验来看,超强厄尔尼诺往往会导致秋冬季东亚冬季风偏弱,我国北方地区冷空气活动减少,大气扩散条件变差,容易出现长时间、大范围的重污染过程。面对秋冬系统性监测以来的最强厄尔尼诺事件,今年秋冬季大气环境质量会承受怎样的压力?
生态环境部新闻发言人裴晓菲介绍,从历史经验来看,超强厄尔尼诺往往容易出现长时间、大范围的重污染过程。
生态环境部新闻发言人 裴晓菲:就拿最近一次厄尔尼诺事件来说,2023年底至2024年初,我国就出现了长时间、大范围的“跨年霾”,持续时间16天,影响范围达到270万平方公里,占我国国土面积超过了28%,一次污染过程就将全年PM2.5浓度拉高了2.4微克/立方米,近百个城市出现重度污染,造成了严重影响。
厄尔尼诺为什么会成为雾霾天气的“推手”?这一环扣一环的传导链条,到底是怎么形成的?正常气候状态下,赤道太平洋常年盛行东北信风和东南信风,信风将表层暖水不断输送至西太平洋,东太平洋则由深层冷水上翻补充,形成赤道太平洋“西暖东冷”的格局。厄尔尼诺发生时,信风减弱,暖水向东回流,中东太平洋海温异常升高,沃克环流随之调整。
公众环境研究中心主任 马军:这片海域上空大气受热上升,改变了正常的沃克环流,容易在西北太平洋形成异常反气旋,带来影响华北的偏南风。在冬天的时候,像华北平原这样的容易产生雾霾的地区,如果冷空气频繁南下,那么它就像是大自然的一个“超级鼓风机”一样,它可以把这些污染物吹散。但厄尔尼诺发生时,这股“鼓风机”动力明显减弱。当冷空气活动不足的时候,上下对流就会被打断,这样就像给城市盖了一个严严实实的“锅盖”一样,污染物向上也排不出去,扩散又扩散不了,所以就会不断累积。
气象部门此前预计,此次厄尔尼诺事件或将在11至12月前后达到峰值,那么,这是否意味着今年冬天北方一定会出现长时间、大范围的重污染过程?
马军解释,厄尔尼诺只是制造了不利于空气扩散的气象条件,雾霾能不能形成,还是要看区域污染物排放量。
面对今年秋冬季不利的气象条件,各地如何做好大气污染防治工作?既然气象条件不给力,就要靠人防加技防守住蓝天防线。在老工业基地辽宁,钢铁企业率先把防控预案落到实处,用上一整套数字化监控手段,把排污口管得严严实实。
鞍山钢铁安全管理部环保督察高级经理 田威:我们构建了全方位的智能监测网络,依托污染物管控数字化管理平台,实现对各类污染物排放情况的全天候严密监视,一旦发现异常数据,系统立即反馈至生产单元和污染防治设施单元,确保治污设施稳定运行、污染物稳定达标排放。
企业端装上了“电子眼”管住排污口,一线环保执法也告别了蹲点守候的老办法,远程监管新模式全面铺开。在陕西渭南临渭区,生态环境部门依靠科技赋能,搭建起智能监控平台,把现场巡查变成线上监管,临渭分局投诉处置中队中队长黄钊形象地打了个比方。
临渭分局投诉处置中队中队长 黄钊:我们给企业的生产设备和治污设备安装智能传感器,相当于给企业的这两套设备戴上了智能手环,执法人员可随时掌握企业的设施运行情况和排污情况。同时在重污染天气响应期间,及时掌握企业是否按照要求落实停产、限制生产、错峰生产。
针对今年秋冬严峻的防控形势,生态环境部新闻发言人裴晓菲表示,接下来将持续优化重污染天气应对预案,深化重点行业绩效分级与差异化管控,把减排清单细化到每一家企业、每一条生产线,确保落地见效。
生态环境部新闻发言人裴晓菲:根据实际情况,实施秋冬季分阶段差异化减排措施。另外,我们也会指导各地统筹好空气质量和经济发展、民生保障的关系,做好豁免企业管理,坚决避免应对减排“一刀切”。重污染天气期间,针对问题突出的区域和领域,开展暗访督查,督促各地严格落实减排举措,确保这个秋冬季能让大家看到更多的蓝天白云。
(总台记者 孔颖 晁向荣 吴成轩 宋茹 钱成)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
此次厄尔尼诺事件将在11至12月前后达到峰值
Likely · Within weeks
生态环境部将持续优化重污染天气应对预案,深化重点行业绩效分级与差异化管控
Very likely · Within weeks

In the next three days, there will be frequent precipitation in the Northeastern region and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There will be blizzards or heavy snowstorms in northeastern Inner Mongolia and northwest Heilongjiang today. Cold air will continue to affect the area, and temperatures in areas north of the Yangtze River will be low. Many places will hit record lows in the second half of this year.

Former Meteorological Bureau Director Zheng Mingdian said that the strong subtropical high pressure belt over Taiwan has led to the persistence of autumn tiger weather, and the possibility of this year's Typhoon No. 29 Qiangpi's track moving south has increased. It is expected to be closest to Taiwan on Friday and Saturday, and the temperature in the north will drop significantly starting from Wednesday.

The Central Meteorological Administration pointed out that it will be cloudy to sunny today, with some scattered rainfall; Typhoon No. 29 "Qiangpi" this year has intensified into a strong typhoon and is expected to be closest to Taiwan on Friday and Saturday, bringing localized heavy rain to the north and northeast; in terms of air quality, Bamboo Miao and the central part are at the orange warning level, the north, Yunjianan, Gaoping, Kinmen and Penghu are at the ordinary level, and Yilan, Huadong and Matsu are at the good level.

Due to weak winds, the fireworks show at the Qingcao Lake Autumn Fire Festival in Hsinchu City turned into a smoky "smoke lake", affecting air quality. People complained that the traffic routes outside the venue were poorly planned and the chaos on the scene was like a war escape scene. The city government responded that it had made adjustments and would continue to optimize.

On Sunday, it will be cloudy to sunny across Taiwan, with a high temperature of 34 degrees, and a large temperature difference between morning and evening. This year's No. 29 strong typhoon "Qiangpi" continues to intensify and is expected to be closest to Taiwan next Friday and Saturday. The uncertainty of its future path is high and direct impact cannot be ruled out. The Meteorological Administration reminds the public to pay attention to the latest forecast.

The Central Meteorological Administration announced that Typhoon Qiangbi strengthened into a severe typhoon at 8 pm on the 17th and developed rapidly. The typhoon is currently moving northwest to west, and is expected to be closest to Taiwan next Friday and Saturday. However, the subsequent path still has two different modes of turning north away from Taiwan or heading towards Taiwan, which requires continuous observation.