Breaking
TRBreaking News: How many lives were lost in the Istanbul flood disaster? The search continues...TRIt emerged with the CİMER tip! Minister Gürlek: Those who made unfair profit from human bodies were caughtTROperation against Süleymancıs in 12 provinces: 44 addresses raided, 22 detained!ITUkrainian war, more missiles on Kiev. Putin proposes summit with Trump and Xi. LIVEDEMiddle East: Austrian Airlines plane from Tel Aviv makes an unplanned landing in Bulgaria after a threatKRKT coach Lee Kang-cheol renews contract for 3 years and 3.4 billion won, the highest ever for a professional baseball coachTRBREAKING NEWS: Critical 'Türkiye' confession from Netanyahu at the press conference! Answer to the question 'Possible conflict'CRYPTO-FROne dead, Qonto in flames, Nuñez resigned: why the street worries crypto investorsITTruck protest, petrol stations and supermarket stocks at risk: that's whereESThe Generalitat sends a new ES-Alert to ask people not to leave home while the UME mobilizes in Oliva (Valencia)TRBreaking News: How many lives were lost in the Istanbul flood disaster? The search continues...TRIt emerged with the CİMER tip! Minister Gürlek: Those who made unfair profit from human bodies were caughtTROperation against Süleymancıs in 12 provinces: 44 addresses raided, 22 detained!ITUkrainian war, more missiles on Kiev. Putin proposes summit with Trump and Xi. LIVEDEMiddle East: Austrian Airlines plane from Tel Aviv makes an unplanned landing in Bulgaria after a threatKRKT coach Lee Kang-cheol renews contract for 3 years and 3.4 billion won, the highest ever for a professional baseball coachTRBREAKING NEWS: Critical 'Türkiye' confession from Netanyahu at the press conference! Answer to the question 'Possible conflict'CRYPTO-FROne dead, Qonto in flames, Nuñez resigned: why the street worries crypto investorsITTruck protest, petrol stations and supermarket stocks at risk: that's whereESThe Generalitat sends a new ES-Alert to ask people not to leave home while the UME mobilizes in Oliva (Valencia)
Back中国第三季度经济增速微升:出口繁荣,消费停滞
中国第三季度经济增速微升:出口繁荣,消费停滞
NEWS
纽约时报中文网2 hours agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

中国第三季度经济增速微升:出口繁荣,消费停滞

Quick Look

中国国家统计局公布第三季度GDP环比增长1.2%,年化约4.9%,高于二季度的4.3%。出口增长拉动经济,但国内消费和投资持续下滑,零售疲软、房价跌幅达40%,汽车及耐用品销售大幅下降。尽管有以旧换新补贴,消费者信心仍受失业上升影响。西方经济学家对官方数据持怀疑态度,因北京停止发布多数细分数据。经济正呈现出对外依赖、内需疲弱的分化格局。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中国经济长期依赖出口和投资拉动增长,但近年来房地产市场下滑和消费不足成为主要拖累。政府通过以旧换新等政策刺激消费,但效果有限。西方经济学家因数据透明度下降而质疑官方统计。

Font size

过去三个月,激增的出口以及维持这些出口所需的工业生产支撑中国经济保持增长,而消费支出停滞、投资大幅下滑。

中国国家统计局周一公布,国内生产总值较今年第二季度增长1.2%。若按此速度延续全年,中国经济年化增长率约为4.9%。

这一数据较中国公布的4月至6月4.3%的增速有所回升。第三季度经济规模同比增长4.5%,显示中国仍有望实现今年4.5%至5%的官方增长目标。

但许多西方经济学家对中国官方统计数据日益怀疑,尤其是因为北京已逐步停止发布数千个细分数据集,而这些数据此前为更广泛的经济指标提供独立校验。近期增长的独立估算普遍仅为官方数字的一半至三分之二。

中国7月至9月的出口繁荣进一步扩大了其与世界其他地区之间本就庞大的贸易顺差,帮助经济避免了更糟的结果。9月出口同比增长速度创2010年7月以来新高,不计因春节时间安排而数据偏差的月份——春节会使工厂生产中断数周。

国内形势则黯淡得多。

整个第三季度零售销售异常疲弱,尽管9月销售较形势尤为严峻的8月有所反弹。房地产市场持续崩盘,自2021年以来成屋价格已下跌约40%,抹去了中产阶级的大部分积蓄,也使数百万家庭不愿消费。

汽车及其他耐用品(包括家用电器)的销售大幅下滑。

一项覆盖面广泛的政府以旧换新补贴计划于2024年夏季推出,持续至2025年底,鼓励家庭进行原本可能推迟的购买。如今许多消费者几乎没有理由更换汽车或家电。然而汽车销量已跌破补贴前水平,失业率上升进一步削弱了消费者信心。

投资同样下滑,尤其是在房地产建设领域。甚至长期作为中国经济增长支柱的基础设施支出也显露疲态。大量房地产开发商的倒闭严重冲击地方政府的土地出让收入——这历来是地方建设道路、桥梁、铁路及其他公共工程的最大资金来源。

其结果是一种日益依赖向海外销售商品的经济,而国内需求却在恶化。

“中国基本上必须保持全球出口市场开放,这一体系才能继续运转,”研究公司荣鼎集团合伙人洛根·赖特表示。

国家统计局新闻发言人、副局长毛盛勇周一在北京的新闻发布会上表示:“也要看到,国际环境复杂多变,国内需求不足问题仍较突出,经济稳中向好基础尚需巩固。”

中国工业实力与国内经济困境之间的鲜明反差在南京和广州这样的城市清晰可见。位于中国中部的南京是昔日的国都,而广州则是东南部的商业中心。

南京南站是中国领先世界的高铁系统的巨型标志。该国一些最繁忙的南北铁路线与从上海沿长江向内陆延伸的东西向干线在此交汇。

但仅步行十分钟,一座几乎空无一人的三层购物中心便呈现出截然不同的经济景象。有着金色和焦赭色拱门的商场上周几乎看不到顾客。许多店面关门歇业。仍在营业的少数商铺仅有一名员工,有时甚至无人值守,转而依靠中国无处不在的监控摄像头防范盗窃。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 若出口增速放缓,中国经济增长可能低于官方目标

    Likely · Within months

  • 房地产市场继续下跌将进一步削弱消费者信心和地方政府财政

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 出口增长能否持续以抵消国内需求下降?
  • 房地产市场何时能企稳?
  • 失业率上升对消费的长期影响是什么?
  • 北京是否会恢复发布更多细分经济数据?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 纽约时报中文网.

Related Stories

Taiwan stocks have come to their senses! TSMC stabilizes at 2,400 yuan, and the index sharply pulls over 670 points from its low point
Urgent·

Taiwan stocks have come to their senses! TSMC stabilizes at 2,400 yuan, and the index sharply pulls over 670 points from its low point

Taiwan stocks opened lower in early trading due to selling pressure from U.S. technology stocks. TSMC's stock price once fell below 2,400 yuan. However, buying orders during the session drove the stock price to stabilize above 2,400 yuan, driving the broad market index to surge by more than 670 points to recover lost ground. The U.S. stock index fell for the eighth consecutive trading day, setting a record for the longest time since 2008.

自由时报
1 min read
The boss of a Ukrainian steel company said: EU tariffs on China will harm the country
Developing·

The boss of a Ukrainian steel company said: EU tariffs on China will harm the country

Yuri Rezhenkov, CEO of Ukraine's largest steel company Meti Investment Group, called on the European Union to lift import restrictions on Ukrainian steel products. He pointed out that the EU's recent tightening of steel tariff policies to curb cheap imports from China and other places did not take into account the war situation in Ukraine. He also warned that Ukraine's steel exports to the EU may fall by 50% to 60%.

BBC中文
2 min read
China’s GDP grew 4.6% year-on-year in the first three quarters
Business·

China’s GDP grew 4.6% year-on-year in the first three quarters

Data released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China show that the gross domestic product (GDP) in the first three quarters of this year was 107.1071 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.6% at constant prices. The primary industry grew by 3.7%, the secondary industry grew by 3.8%, and the tertiary industry grew by 5.2%. The total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 2.6%, fixed asset investment fell by 7.2%, the total import and export of goods increased by 18.8%, the average urban survey unemployment rate was 5.2%, and the per capita disposable income of residents increased by 5.3% in nominal terms.

中国新闻网
2 min read
Focus Stocks》Jin Guoguang: The optical group weakened, the stock price soared and then turned black
Urgent·

Focus Stocks》Jin Guoguang: The optical group weakened, the stock price soared and then turned black

Jinguoguang's stock price turned red during the session today due to a buy order, but it lost to the air force attack and turned black again, with an amplitude of more than 8%. The company benefited from the strong demand for far-infrared lenses, and its revenue in September and the first three quarters hit a record high for the same period last year. Foreign investors bought more than 15,000 units last week to push up the stock price, but the hedging volume accounted for nearly 70%. Investors need to pay attention to subsequent fluctuations.

自由时报
1 min read
More on this topicgdp