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Back医生有了AI分身,看病会不一样吗?还有哪些障碍?
医生有了AI分身,看病会不一样吗?还有哪些障碍?
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中国新闻网30 minutes agoHealth6 min readChinaView translation

医生有了AI分身,看病会不一样吗?还有哪些障碍?

Quick Look

紫荆AI医院和蚂蚁阿福等AI医生分身工具正在医院和基层试点,旨在提升效率、下沉优质医疗资源,但安全、评估和制度等多重障碍仍待解决。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

伴随AI虚拟分身问诊工具逐步应用,医疗领域的AI多智能体技术受到关注。紫荆AI医院多智能体协同生态已正式发布,由人类医生与智能体协同工作。蚂蚁集团推出的AI健康应用蚂蚁阿福则着力于名医资源的数字化复用。

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伴随AI虚拟分身问诊工具逐步应用,医疗领域的AI多智能体技术受到关注。现实中,已有患者通过医生AI分身获取健康咨询服务。医生AI分身能否融入真实诊疗?大规模应用还存在哪些障碍?

提升服务效率

今年7月,国际权威学术期刊《Nature》发表文章,将清华大学团队打造的紫荆AI医院作为中国AI智能体落地医疗领域的核心案例。紫荆AI医院多智能体协同生态也于近日正式发布,由来自不同科室的人类医生与智能体协同工作,探索覆盖更多场景的医疗服务模式。

该系统搭建了具备不同专科设定的医生分身智能体。这类分身先要在模拟AI患者的虚拟环境中开展大量训练,达到设定能力标准后部署到实体医疗机构,和真人医生开展协作,在真实诊断中持续迭代优化。紫荆智康首席产品官乔宇宸介绍,AI分身可以学习复刻医生的诊疗思路与工作习惯,承接部分事务性工作,有望缓解医生事务负担,提升服务效率。“更重要的是,它可以让资深专家的临床经验赋能青年医生、基层医生,助力优质医疗资源下沉。”乔宇宸说,该系统目前构建起覆盖27个临床科室的54个AI医生智能体矩阵,可覆盖多数常见病、重大疾病以及部分罕见病场景。

据悉,AI分身进入医疗机构后,在真实诊疗过程中不断对齐医生的问诊逻辑、病历书写习惯。现阶段,紫荆AI医院系统相关功能测试覆盖北京、江苏、广西等地9家医院,近200位医生已搭建专属分身。试点机构包含三甲医院、社区卫生服务中心,在医教研、基层诊疗等多种场景开展了测试验证。

与紫荆智康面向医院诊疗场景布局不同,蚂蚁集团推出的AI健康应用蚂蚁阿福将着力点放在名医资源的数字化复用上。由廖万清、董家鸿、王俊等8位两院院士领衔,全国2000多名医生在蚂蚁阿福上开设了AI分身,覆盖约28个专科。AI分身让名医通过应用软件,就能不受地域、时间限制解答用户的健康疑问。名医AI分身不开展诊疗行为,仅提供健康科普咨询,解决的是日常、基础的健康疑问,让真人医生把精力放在临床治疗上。

目前,AI分身服务半径正在快速拓展。杭州市第七人民医院副院长、睡眠障碍诊疗专家毛洪京是首批参与研发名医AI分身的医生。毛洪京的AI分身可与用户进行接近真人医生和用户的互动交流,并将咨询内容同步至医生工作站,帮助医生快速完成患者基础健康信息采集。从前,毛洪京的专家号一号难求,如今AI分身全天在线,为关心睡眠健康的人群答疑解惑。

从业近30年的毛洪京感慨:“以前我一年最多服务患者1万人次,如今我的AI分身一年就服务了368万人。”

补位而非替代

在采访中,多位医生将AI分身的价值定位于“补位”而非“替代”。

“现有医疗模式多聚焦疾病治疗,在连续性健康管理、生活方式干预方面相对薄弱,诊疗关口有待从‘治已病’向‘治未病’前移。”北京协和医院妇产科主任医师马良坤表示,AI分身如果能参与患者饮食指导、术后康复随访,有机会补齐当前医疗服务的部分短板。

这种“补位”价值,在基层和偏远地区体现得更为明显。青海大学附属医院院长樊海宁是肝胆外科专家。他说:“在高原地区就诊,距离本身就是一道门槛。一些牧民在冬天顶着寒风,从乡里到县里,再到州里,骑摩托车十几个小时来诊室看病。开通AI分身后,牧民可以线上咨询健康问题,不用再为了一个小问题奔波许久。”

AI分身也在改变医患互动的形态。上海市东方医院妇产科主任段涛开设了自己的AI分身,已有16万人咨询。段涛介绍,线下门诊中有很多是和孕期生活习惯相关的基础性、重复性问题,AI分身可以帮医生分担一部分压力。另外,线下诊疗中,男性无法陪同妻子产检,AI分身让男性也能参与其中。数据显示,咨询段涛AI分身的用户中有24%是男性。

按照设计定位,AI分身是医生的工具,而非替代者。AI主要承担信息采集、整理分析,输出参考建议;诊断、治疗、用药的最终决策权始终掌握在医生手中。多位业内人士认为,在诊疗流程中,AI分身目前可承担诊前预问诊、分诊、健康档案归集,以及诊中语音转写,输出附带医学指南证据链的参考意见。例如,在车祸急诊场景,急诊、骨科、神经外科、麻醉领域的多个AI分身可分头采集、汇总体征信息,但整体处置方案仍由真人医生研判确定。“智能体的工作只局限于已学习的知识范围,需要医生完成综合性判断。”一位参与测试的门诊医生打比方,面对AI分身,就像带一名真人实习生,医生在用、在教,AI分身在学。

AI健康工具还在向基层健康服务体系延伸。2025年8月,国家卫生健康委等6部门联合印发《提升家庭医生签约服务感受度若干措施》,明确鼓励运用“互联网+”签约流程,提升家庭医生服务的可及性与便利性。据介绍,河北石家庄、上海黄浦区等地卫生健康部门已与蚂蚁阿福开展合作,将其作为当地“家庭医生”签约平台之一,居民通过手机可在线完成签约,平台帮助家庭医生对慢性病患者、老年人等重点人群开展健康管理和科普服务。

面临多重考验

目前,医生分身智能体融入真实诊疗的尝试逐步展开,但要看到从模拟环境走向临床实际应用,仍面临多重结构性障碍。

首先是安全关。百度研究院院长助理何中军举例说,软件工程领域,智能体运行出错可以实现回滚修复;但医疗场景容错空间极小,如何防范算法出错、建立可靠的安全管控机制,是行业必须解决的问题。

其次是评估关。怎样判定医生分身智能体的诊疗表现是否接近真人医生水平?乔宇宸介绍,“伴生式进化”旨在推动AI与对应医生在价值取向、诊疗逻辑、风险判断偏好等维度实现对齐。团队内部依靠采纳率、覆盖率、修改率、编辑率等指标衡量对齐效果,经过数百例病例训练,内部测试中对齐表现较好,但仍需要大规模真实临床数据进一步检验。

其中的关键是确定一条应用“临界线”,明确满足何种条件时才可以授权AI参与相应诊疗环节。“临界标准不能一概而论。”乔宇宸表示,不同场景的判定阈值仍有待实践探索。

更深一层是制度关。按照现行规定,医师执业资格有严格准入门槛,AI分身不具备独立执业资质,其输出只能作为辅助参考;互联网诊疗相关监管规则明确,处方不得由人工智能自动生成。一旦AI提供的参考建议出现偏差,医生、医疗机构与技术提供方之间的责任如何划分,目前尚无法律细则予以明确。此外,AI分身的训练依赖大量病历与健康数据,患者个人信息的采集边界、授权方式和脱敏标准,也需要在制度层面给出清晰答案。这些问题不解决,AI分身就难以真正从测试场景走向临床一线。

何中军认为,AI工具客观上为医疗资源下沉提供了新的机遇,长远看普通人或可拥有个人医疗智能体。同时他也提示,大模型迭代速度快,行业在追求技术效能的同时,应当始终保持对生命的敬畏。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • AI分身将在更多医院和基层医疗机构开展试点验证

    Likely · Within months

  • AI分身将主要承担诊前预问诊、分诊、健康档案归集等辅助工作,而非独立诊疗

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • AI分身的诊疗表现如何才能被判定接近真人医生水平?
  • AI参与诊疗环节的临界标准和判定阈值是什么?
  • 一旦AI提供的参考建议出现偏差,医生、医疗机构与技术提供方之间的责任如何划分?
  • 患者个人信息的采集边界、授权方式和脱敏标准将如何制定?

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