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Back美推新法強化審查對中投資 涵蓋生技、AI、超級運算等領域
美推新法強化審查對中投資 涵蓋生技、AI、超級運算等領域
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

美推新法強化審查對中投資 涵蓋生技、AI、超級運算等領域

草案旨在防止美國資本用於開發威脅國家安全的關鍵技術,涵蓋AI、超級運算及生物科技等領域。

Quick Look

美國財政部公布「全面對外投資國家安全法」草案,擬限制美國資本投資中國、俄羅斯、北韓等國的AI、超級運算、高超音速系統及生物科技領域,以防止關鍵技術遭對手用於軍事發展。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國自2023年起開始限制對中國半導體、量子運算及AI領域的投資。2025年12月國會立法將該計畫固定化並擴大涵蓋範圍。

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美國財政部長貝森特。(彭博)

〔編譯盧永山/綜合報導〕《美國廣播公司》(ABC)報導,美國財政部22日公布名為「全面對外投資國家安全法」(COINS Act)的新草案,旨在限制美國在超級運算、人工智慧(AI)等高科技領域對中國、俄羅斯、北韓及其他「受關注國家」的投資。草案將在公眾意見徵詢期結束後定案。

美國財長貝森特指出:「擬議的草案將加強現有的『對外投資安全計畫』(OISP),以防止我們的對手利用美國投資,開發威脅美國國家安全的關鍵技術。」

草案也將讓美國及外國投資人更了解投資規則,有助維持開放的投資環境。多年來,美國政府一直致力於阻止中國及其他對手,獲得可能有助他們增強軍事力量的投資。

這個計畫始於2023年,當時的總統拜登簽署了一項行政令,限制美國在半導體、量子運算和AI等領域對中國的投資。此後,美國財政部設立了「對外投資安全計畫」。2025年12月,美國國會通過了一項法律,將該計畫以立法形式固定下來並予以擴大,使其涵蓋更多的技術領域和更多的國家,包括古巴、伊朗、北韓和俄羅斯。

報導說,22日公布的草案將擴大投資限制範圍,涵蓋對高超音速系統、超級運算、生物科技和AI的投資。

草案指出,部分先進或敏感的生物科技可能涉及生物武器擴散的重大風險,美方也密切關注可能應用於軍事、情報蒐集和大規模監控的技術。美國財政部說,草案擬禁止部分涉及改造病患細胞或基因的治療,以及免疫療法相關投資。

華府智庫「保衛民主基金會」(FDD)高級研究員辛格頓(Craig Singleton)說:「這項草案向市場釋放了一個重要信號:華府正在密切關注美國資本的流向,以及這些資本正在幫助構建何種能力。對對外投資進行審查,是基於這樣一種認識:資本與技術轉讓一樣,都能加速軍事相關能力的形成。」

今年7月,美國財政部對矽谷創投瀛台璞躍(Plug and Play)的母公司亞美迪(Amidi)處以20萬美元(新台幣650.2萬元)罰款,因該公司的一家子公司2025年4月向上海的機器人與AI企業「穹徹智能」(Noematrix)投資9.25萬美元(新台幣300.7萬元),但該公司未向財政部申報。

美國財政部公告,邀請各利益相關方就「擬議規則制定通知」(NPRM)的各個方面提出意見,包括國家安全交易的適用範圍、關鍵術語的定義、違規行為的處罰和執法程序等。財政部將在發布最終實施細則前認真考慮這些意見。

草案被認為是美國為防止中國利用兼具民用與軍事用途的技術,危害美國國家安全而採取的最新措施,草案將在公眾意見徵詢期結束後定案。 法案通過後,川普政府依法必須擬定相關指引。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國財政部將在公眾意見徵詢期結束後定案並發布最終實施細則。

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 公眾意見徵詢後的最終條款細節為何?
  • 川普政府將如何執行相關指引?

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