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Back台灣上榜!美國瘋砸錢發展AI、最大贏家竟在海外 ING點名「這2國」
台灣上榜!美國瘋砸錢發展AI、最大贏家竟在海外 ING點名「這2國」
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自由时报24 minutes agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

台灣上榜!美國瘋砸錢發展AI、最大贏家竟在海外 ING點名「這2國」

美國9月科技產品貿易逆差達640億美元,佔整體逆差約61%,台灣與南韓受惠

Quick Look

ING分析指出,美國9月整體貿易逆差達1050億美元,其中科技產品逆差640億美元,佔約61%。隨著資料中心興建,科技產品進口激增,台灣與南韓等出口國受惠,而淨出口對美國經濟成長形成拖累。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國近年大力投資人工智慧與資料中心,但相關設備大量仰賴進口,導致科技產品貿易逆差擴大。ING分析指出,這波投資對美國經濟成長的貢獻受到進口激增的抵銷,台灣與南韓等出口國成為主要受惠者。

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近期,市場熱烈討論科技投資對美國經濟成長的貢獻,但荷蘭國際集團(ING)指出,美國貿易數據通常不會引起市場太大關注,但最新數字卻相當驚人,因為美國9月整體貿易逆差達1050億美元(約新台幣3.4兆元),其中光是科技產品就造成640億美元(約新台幣2.9兆元)逆差、占整體逆差約61%,接近3分之2。值得注意的是,儘管美國企業大舉投資人工智慧(AI)與資料中心,相關設備卻大量仰賴進口,不僅抵銷部分投資對美國經濟成長的貢獻,反而讓台灣與南韓等科技產品出口國受惠。

ING分析,相關數據顯示,隨著全美各地資料中心持續興建,科技產品進口額不只是呈現指數型成長,增長曲線甚至幾乎垂直向上。在不到2年前,美國每月進口這類科技產品的金額約為200億美元(約新台幣6540億元),但到了今年9月已大幅增加至870億美元(約新台幣2.8兆元),顯示AI基礎設施帶動的設備需求正在迅速擴張。

ING指出,外界不斷討論科技、AI及資料中心投資熱潮,究竟為美國經濟成長帶來多大貢獻,但實際上,相當一部分附加價值來自海外。由於美國大量採購進口設備,資金流向南韓與台灣等地,反而對美國經濟成長產生負面影響。其中,美國自韓國進口增加35%,自台灣進口更大幅成長60%。

從美國國內生產毛額(GDP)的貢獻來看,科技資本支出與AI Token支出,包括資料中心所使用的晶片,確實對經濟成長提供支撐;資料中心建設所需的混凝土、鋼材及其他工程投入,也帶來正面貢獻。

然而,由於科技產品貿易逆差規模龐大,目前淨出口項目正對美國整體經濟成長形成明顯拖累。其中,相當一部分進口科技產品實際上轉為庫存,預計在未來幾季投入使用。換言之,AI相關資本支出雖然快速增加,但大量設備必須向海外採購,使美國經濟從這波投資中獲得的成長貢獻,受到科技產品進口激增的抵銷。

ING強調,美國科技基礎設施的大規模擴張,反而成為科技導向出口國的重要成長動力,尤其是台灣與韓國。值得注意的是,僅僅3年前,美國還是科技產品的淨出口國,如今卻因科技產品進口暴增,出現明顯的貿易結構轉變。

對於美民主黨有意加大資料中心監管力道;ING強調,魔鬼藏在細節裡。分析指出,最有可能採取的措施是針對特定目標的監管,其中許多措施已經初見端倪,包括徵收資料中心相關稅費、減少稅收優惠、制定環境標準,以及要求開發商承擔相應的成本增加。

ING認為,徹底的禁令不太可能成為主流;即使實施,也更有可能是暫時的,以便各州有時間制定資料中心政策框架。該文直言,更嚴格的AI監管不太可能根本改變產業成長軌跡,因為AI對美國經濟及美中科技競爭仍十分重要。

已取得許可或正在建設的資料中心,反而可能更有價值,新專案受到限制,既有設施可能受惠。至於聯邦全面立法,這恐面臨總統否決權限制,因此,地方性監管措施可能比全國性禁令更容易實施。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國各州將針對資料中心採取針對性監管,包括徵稅、減少優惠與環境標準

    Likely · Within months

  • 聯邦全面資料中心立法恐面臨總統否決權限制,地方性監管將更容易實施

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 資料中心監管的具體稅費標準與實施時間表
  • 美國科技產品進口與出口的長期平衡點預測
  • 特定監管措施對現有資料中心運營的具體影響

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