
中國產能過剩與低價出口加劇東南亞競爭壓力,供應商與當地客戶關係翻轉。
中國低價商品透過電商平台直接席捲東南亞市場,從印尼到泰國等地的當地商家面臨前所未有的價格競爭壓力,原本的供應商悄然變成了直接競爭對手,壓縮了中小企業的利潤空間。
AI-generated summary
中國產能過剩與內需疲弱促使企業加大出口,透過電商直接打入東南亞零售市場。
中國低價商品席捲東南亞。示意圖。(歐新社)
〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕中國低價商品席捲東南亞,原本向中國工廠進貨的當地商家慘淪海嘯第一排。《南華早報》18日披露,印尼華裔企業家發現,中國供應商透過電商平台直接搶攻當地市場,商品售價有時竟比他向中國工廠詢得的進貨報價還低。從印尼到泰國,中國產能過剩與低價出口正加劇當地企業的競爭壓力,供應商與客戶的關係也悄然翻轉。
中國低價商品持續搶攻東南亞市場,原本仰賴中國工廠供貨的當地商家,如今卻發現供應商成了競爭對手。《南華早報》報導,從印尼到菲律賓,當地中小企業面臨中國業者直接進入市場、壓縮利潤空間的壓力,部分商家甚至發現,自己向中國工廠詢得的進貨報價,竟高於中國業者在當地電商平台的銷售價格。
報導以印尼華裔企業家史都華(Kevin Stewart)為例。他幾乎每年都前往中國採購商品,經營居家用品及寵物用品生意,客戶包括企業與一般消費者,銷售通路也涵蓋電商平台。不過,愈來愈多中國企業直接在印尼電商平台銷售商品,讓原本向中國工廠進貨的商家面臨價格競爭。
史都華指出,有時他從中國取得的採購報價,竟然比中國業者直接在印尼市場銷售的價格還高。為了避免商品遭到中國製造商以更低價格大量供應市場,他必須持續追蹤競爭對手,適時停止銷售難以維持利潤的商品。
新加坡東南亞研究所(ISEAS-尤索夫伊薩研究所)印尼研究計畫共同協調人西瓦格(Siwage Dharma Negara)分析,印尼華商過去的競爭優勢,主要來自當地經銷網絡、政治人脈,以及對市場文化與法規的熟悉。然而,在直接面向消費者的產業,中國企業可以憑藉較強的融資能力,自行建立供應鏈與銷售網絡,降低對當地中間商的依賴。
馬來西亞的華人中小企業也面臨類似困境。報導指出,多家馬來西亞華商反映,中國企業既是重要供應商,也逐漸成為直接競爭對手。過去當地商家仰賴進貨、經銷及熟悉市場的優勢維持生意,如今中國業者直接面向消費者銷售,讓中間商與零售商的利潤空間受到擠壓。
類似壓力也出現在泰國。泰國中華總商會9月2日提出中國進口商品增加的疑慮,商會調查中有27.4%的受訪者將進口增加歸因於中國產能過剩,使商品價格更具競爭力。泰國工業總會主席此前也警告,中國內需疲弱,促使企業加大出口,進一步加重當地製造業的競爭壓力。
菲律賓方面,部分華裔商家因當地政治分歧及對中關係敏感,不願公開評論中國業者進入市場的影響。不過,2024年菲律賓國會議員巴伯斯(Robert Ace Barbers)曾指控,部分中國籍人士涉嫌利用投資居留簽證經營販售走私中國商品的商店,並稱當地零售業者因此蒙受損失;相關損失並未獲獨立證實。
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