
南韓將於週末實施修訂後的間諜法,將竊取產業機密的刑責提升至最高30年有期徒刑,以保護三星電子和SK海力士的記憶體技術免受中國競爭對手如長鑫存儲的侵害。去年涉及向外國洩露敏感技術的案件中有半數與中國相關,南韓正投資8800億美元建設半導體中心以維持全球領先地位。
AI-generated summary
南韓為全球記憶體晶片主要供應國,三星電子和SK海力士佔據重要市場份額。近年來中國企業如長鑫存儲和長江存儲透過人才挖角和技術取得快速追趕,南韓原有間諜法僅適用於北韓間諜活動,限制了對產業間諜的打擊力度。
南韓加強間諜法,保護自身記憶體晶片技術遭中竊取。(彭博資料照)
〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕南韓正在加強對產業間諜活動的防禦,一項修訂後的間諜法將在本週末正式生效,作為晶片大廠三星電子和SK海力士總部所在地,南韓正努力保護自身先進的記憶體技術,免受日益強大的中國競爭對手侵害。
《彭博》報導,近年來,南韓對於洩露商業機密到海外的前晶片產業員工處以愈來愈嚴厲的處罰。但長期以來,法院一直受到該國對於「間諜活動」狹隘定義的限制,只有被證實為北韓從事間諜活動的人才適用這項定義。
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不過這種情況將在週末出現轉變,屆時南韓立法將進行全面修改,允許法院對任何向「外國或類似組織」傳遞敏感技術的人判處最高30年有期徒刑。修法實際上將竊取產業機密的行為從企業犯罪提升至國家安全威脅,反映了半導體對南韓經濟、戰略實力的重要性。
儘管修訂後的法案沒有明確點名中國,但中國的快速發展對首爾保護自身晶片實力的努力構成了重大威脅。根據南韓警方的數據,去年所有涉及向外國實體洩露敏感技術的案件中,有半數跟中國有關。一系列政府和產業報告也接連做出警告,稱北京可能很快就會超越首爾。
南韓產業通商資源部長官金正官(Kim Jung-kwan)上(8)月表示,中國的速度超乎想像,正因如此,才感到情勢高度緊迫。
對此,中國外交部未回應。
市場對於HBM(高頻寬記憶體)的強勁需求推動了南韓半導體出口,支撐該國經濟成長。首爾正加倍投入,政府最近公佈了一項斥資8800億美元(約新台幣27.88兆元)的計劃,只在南韓南部打造一個龐大的半導體中心,以保持南韓在全球晶片製造領域的領先地位。
失去這項優勢將威脅到南韓最重要的出口收入和成長來源之一。三星和SK海力士已經面臨來自中國競爭對手像是長江存儲和長鑫存儲的壓力,這些中企一直在縮小與三星和SK海力士在全球記憶體市場佔額上的差距。
南韓科學技術院IP專家全宇政(Jon Woo-jung)表示,中國企業採取激進的招募策略來推動快速成長。當中企需要南韓技術時,他們會保留一份專家名單,並提供高薪和優渥的福利待遇。
一起備受矚目的案件凸顯了這種擔憂,首爾中央地方檢察廳表示,10名前三星電子員工涉嫌向長鑫存儲洩露技術而被起訴,這起事件導致三星在2024年損失5兆韓元(約新台幣1282.50億元)的銷售額。
南韓打擊產業間諜的行動具有全球性意義,自2024年以來,美國對中國實施了全面的出口管制,並呼籲盟友限制先進晶片和晶片製造設備的銷售,以維持領先地位。今年2月,五角大廈以安全問題為由,將長鑫存儲列入黑名單。而台灣則在2022年將經濟間諜活動定為犯罪,立法專門針對向中國的技術轉移。
南韓主要晶片製造商稱,他們已採取措施防止資訊外洩,SK海力士表示,該公司以建立並運行各種安全流程和系統,以防止國內外技術洩露,但未透露詳情。三星則拒絕置評。
一手掌握經濟脈動 點我訂閱自由財經Youtube頻道
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
南韓將在未來數月內開始檢控涉嫌向中國實體洩露晶片技術的個案
Likely · Within months
中國企業將加大對非南韓國家半導體人才的招募力度
Possible · Within months

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