律师:虚构事实骗取退款构成欺诈与不当得利,多次累计数额达标可涉嫌诈骗罪
山东青岛一顾客称外卖里吃出头发并申请“仅退款”,骑手称餐品几乎已被吃光且商户老板是光头。律师指出,虚构事实骗取退款构成欺诈与不当得利,商家有权请求撤销退款并返还;公法层面可依据治安管理处罚法处罚,数额累计达标还可能涉嫌刑法诈骗罪。
AI-generated summary
文章报道了山东青岛一起外卖顾客称吃出头发并申请“仅退款”的事件,骑手杜先生表示餐品几乎已被吃光且商户老板是光头,引发网友对“仅退款”规则被滥用的讨论。北京市鑫诺律师事务所张中辉律师接受中国新闻网记者采访,就外卖消费者恶意退款的法律定性、责任承担及商家维权方式进行解读。
中新网11月7日电(记者 张小雨)据时速新闻报道,近日,山东青岛一顾客称外卖里吃出头发,线上申请了“仅退款”,但骑手杜先生表示外卖几乎已被吃光,而且商户老板是个光头。杜先生感叹“恶意退款几乎没有代价”,再次引发网友对“仅退款”规则被滥用的讨论。6日,北京市鑫诺律师事务所张中辉律师接受中国新闻网记者采访,就外卖消费者恶意退款在法律上如何定性,应承担什么责任,商家要如何维权等问题进行法律解读:
从民事法律关系的角度看,这是典型的欺诈加不当得利。顾客编造“吃出头发”,骗取退款,属于欺诈,依据《中华人民共和国民法典》第一百四十八条规定,商家有权请求撤销该退款行为;同时顾客在未退回商品(餐品已被食用)的情况下取得退款,没有法律根据,属于不当得利,依据《中华人民共和国民法典》第九百八十五条规定,商家有权请求返还。从公法层面看,虚构事实骗取他人财物,属于《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》第五十八条规定的诈骗行为,可处拘留、罚款;诈骗“数额较大”的,还可能依据《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百六十六条规定追究刑事责任。单笔外卖退款通常达不到刑事门槛,但同一顾客多次、累计骗取退款的,数额可以叠加计算。
外卖消费者恶意退款,在民事责任方面:需退还骗取的退款,赔偿商家因此产生的餐品成本、配送及人工等直接损失;情节严重的,还需赔礼道歉、消除影响。行政责任方面,可依据《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》第五十八条规定,对诈骗行为处五日以上十日以下拘留或者二千元以下罚款,情节较重的处十日以上十五日以下拘留,可并处三千元以下罚款。刑事责任方面,数额累计达标即涉嫌诈骗罪(《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百六十六条)。此外,平台还可依规则对恶意账号采取限制、封禁等措施。
商家维权,一要固定证据,保存订单快照、退款记录、“已食用完毕”的餐品照片或取餐视频、与顾客及平台的沟通记录;二向平台申诉,先在平台内申诉追回退款、处置恶意账号;三视情节报警或起诉,数额或情节达到标准,可向公安机关报案追究治安或刑事责任。(完)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
商家可能向平台申诉或报警,追究顾客的法律责任
Likely · Within days
平台可能对涉嫌恶意退款的账号采取限制或封禁措施
Possible · Within weeks
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Chinese lawmakers are proposing to restrict residential surveillance at a designated location (RSDL), a contentious detention and police surveillance measure introduced in 1996 and expanded in 2012, which has become the harshest form of detention used in state security cases including terrorism.

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