
针对自动驾驶系统激活状态下的事故,北京金融法院提出“双层归责基准”及保险追偿机制
随着智能网联汽车普及,自动驾驶事故责任认定趋于复杂。北京金融法院提出“双层归责基准”,明确系统激活状态下车企与驾驶人的责任分担,并强调保险公司应先行赔付后向车企追偿,推动构建监管、司法与行业自律的多元共治格局。
AI-generated summary
随着智能网联汽车上路,驾驶任务向智能系统让渡,导致交通事故责任划分因算法、数据等因素变得复杂。相关部门正研究自动驾驶汽车的特别法律规定。
随着智能网联汽车上路,驾驶任务开始向智能系统让渡,当系统“开车”发生了交通事故,责任划分会因为算法缺陷、系统升级、数据瑕疵、驾驶人过错等多方行为叠加而更加复杂。
交通事故责任在驾驶人还是车企?保险公司该不该赔?理赔时证据如何调取?保险赔付后,如何向控制关键数据的车企追偿?北京金融法院与国家金融监督管理总局北京监管局、中国保险行业协会就此进行专门研究。中央广播电视总台中国之声记者采访了北京金融法院法官。
系统激活状态下撞人,受害人起诉多个主体。模拟案例中,小刘购买了一辆L3级(有条件自动驾驶)的新能源汽车,投保交强险、限额200万元的第三者责任险等险种。有一天,小刘将车借给小周开,车辆在系统激活状态下与行人碰撞致行人重伤。公安交管部门调取车辆运行数据,确认事故发生在系统激活状态,事故认定书认定车辆一方承担主要责任,市场监管部门也同步启动缺陷调查、责令召回。
北京金融法院法官助理林昱彤表示:事故前几天,车企曾以“空中下载技术”(OTA)升级相关算法,远程给这辆车推送并安装了一个新版本的自动驾驶算法程序,类似于手机自动收到系统更新包、一安装就算升级完成。公安交管部门调取车辆运行数据确认事故发生于系统激活状态。事故发生后,受害人将实际驾驶人小周、车主小刘、车企以及保险公司起诉到法院,要求他们共同承担赔偿民事责任。车企提交系统日志,证明事故发生前系统曾发出接管提示,小周没有及时接管。而小周强调系统有缺陷,时间太短,他根本反应不过来。
在智能网联汽车自动驾驶系统激活状态下,民事责任主体怎么定?北京金融法院法官林文彪认为:有自动驾驶功能的汽车,实际上车上有两个有驾驶资格主体,即驾驶人和汽车本身,可以采用“双层归责基准”,按“驾驶任务实际执行者+控制权状态”来判定——系统激活且未要求接管时出事故,车企承担产品责任;系统发出接管请求后,过了合理缓冲期,驾驶人仍未接管的,责任回归驾驶人。此次讨论的这个案例中,系统发出接管请求后,小周因没有及时接管,应承担过错责任,车企因系统缺陷应承担产品责任,二者按过错比例分摊。小刘把车借给小周没有过错,不承担责任。
案涉车辆投保了交强险和第三者责任险。市场监管部门对案涉车辆启动缺陷调查、责令召回。正在审议的道路交通安全法修订草案“自动驾驶汽车的特别规定”专章拟规定,自动驾驶功能激活状态下发生交通违法行为的,由生产企业、进口企业接受处理,企业认为违法行为与自动驾驶功能无关的应当承担举证责任。那么,如果车企接受行政处理,是否能免驾驶人和保险公司的对外责任?
北京金融法院法官王思思指出:受害人损失依民法典规定由交强险、商业三者险保险人按顺位赔付,不足部分由机动车一方承担,这个结构不因车辆可能存在系统缺陷而改变,车企不因其行政责任或产品责任而直接成为对第三者的先行赔付主体,保险公司不得以“行政责任已归车企”为理由拒赔。但是,保险公司赔付后,可以依保险法的规定向终局责任的车企进行追偿。车辆所有人、驾驶人承担责任后也可以进行追偿。
智能网联汽车发生交通事故纠纷,最容易扯皮的就是“自动驾驶到底开没开”。北京金融法院立案庭副庭长厉莉建议,进一步完善智能网联汽车保险条款体系。厉莉建议:系统激活时责任限额怎么提升、怎么证明,这些都要明确。同时建议增设数据授权委托书,来保障投保一方对数据调取的知情权。保险公司理赔完之后,也得有向车企追偿的通道。
厉莉还建议,构建“监管+司法+行业自律”多元共治格局。司法机关、监管部门以及自律组织要定期召开联席会议,通报纠纷,统一裁判尺度,如果发现产品缺陷线索要及时移送。同时,要定期发布典型案例和理赔指引,让市场的预期更稳,制度供给跟上了,智能网联汽车才能跑得更稳,更让人放心。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
相关部门将发布智能网联汽车理赔指引
Likely · Within months

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