
分析指出C919高達90%零件依賴西方供應,美國商務部放緩審批以增加貿易談判籌碼並防止囤貨
美國商務部近期放緩對中國民用飛機零組件的出口許可審批,旨在增加貿易談判籌碼並防止中國商飛囤積零件。由於C919關鍵零組件高度依賴西方供應,此舉恐加劇該機型本已落後的交機進度與產能瓶頸。
AI-generated summary
C919作為中國國產大飛機,其發動機、航電與液壓系統等關鍵零組件高度依賴西方供應。目前中國商飛面臨產能瓶頸,實際交付量遠低於訂單目標。
中國國產大飛機C919 高度仰賴西方供應鏈,分析指出其高達 90% 的零件依賴美國和西方供應商。路透披露,美國商務部近幾週放緩運往中國的飛機零件出口許可審查,轉化為對中貿易談判籌碼。同時也限制核發給中國C919製造商-中國商用飛機(中國商飛)的零件出口許可數量,以防止該公司囤積備件。由於中國商飛短期內找不到替代來源,恐讓落後的交機進度再度延誤。
綜合路透及南華早報報導,中國力推國產大飛機C919,企圖與波音、空中巴士(Airbus)一較高下,但量產進度恐再遭重擊。外媒披露,美國近期已放慢對中國出口民用飛機零組件的許可審批,藉此增加美中貿易談判籌碼,並防止中國商飛提前囤積零件。
分析人士警告,由於C919發動機、航電與液壓系統等關鍵零組件仍高度依賴進口,短期內又找不到替代來源,恐讓原本就落後的交機進度進一步延誤。
美國商務部近幾週放慢對中國民用飛機零組件的出口許可審批,措施之一就是避免C919製造商中國商飛囤積零件,美方官員據報也有意調整規定,讓限制航空液壓油出口變得更容易。
事實上,中國商飛的C919產能早已面臨瓶頸。該公司已從中國航空公司取得超過1000架C919訂單,但去年實際僅交付15架,遠低於75架目標;2026年第1季更僅交付3架。
美國航空航太顧問公司AeroDynamic Advisory董事總經理阿布拉菲亞(Richard Aboulafia)指出,美方此次供應放緩只是最近幾週才出現,因此C919過去半年幾乎沒有交機,恐怕還存在中國商飛自身的其他問題,並非全都能歸咎於最新出口限制。
C919另一個罩門則是發動機。目前C919使用的LEAP-1C發動機,由美國GE Aerospace與法國賽峰飛機發動機公司(Safran Aircraft Engines)合資成立的CFM International供應。
航空分析師李瀚明(音譯)指出,GE Aerospace目前對向中國出口飛機發動機態度更加謹慎,原因之一是相關產品也可供應空巴及波音,而且能以更高價格、更低成本出售。他認為,這也是美國總統川普5月訪問北京期間,CFM未能與中國達成協議的原因之一。
中國商飛除了發動機,航電及液壓系統等多項關鍵零組件也仍仰賴進口。中國雖正加速推動國產替代,包括由中國航空發動機集團研發供C919使用的CJ-1000A渦扇發動機,以及自行研發密封材料、塗料與螺栓等零件,但阿布拉菲亞直言,要等這些替代產品成熟「還需要很長時間」。
不過,北京智庫全球化智庫副主任高志凱則持不同看法。他認為,美國出口管制反而會迫使中國加快完善國產零組件,長期而言中國商飛未必因此遭受重大挫折,美方限制最終可能促使中國航空供應鏈走向完全自主。
眼前更現實的問題仍是產能。C919肩負中國挑戰波音與空巴的野心,但在訂單突破千架之際,實際交付量仍與目標存在巨大落差;如今美國再收緊關鍵零組件供應,C919何時能真正大幅提高量產速度,將成為中國航空製造業下一道難題。

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