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Back降低對中國依賴 南非稀土專家:各國願投資 分散全球關鍵原料來源
降低對中國依賴 南非稀土專家:各國願投資 分散全球關鍵原料來源
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness4 min readChinaView translation

降低對中國依賴 南非稀土專家:各國願投資 分散全球關鍵原料來源

史丁坎普斯寇爾礦場與Mintek合作,目標成為非洲稀土加工中心

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南非國家礦物研究機構Mintek與史丁坎普斯寇爾礦場合作,成功研發稀土精煉技術並進入量產。儘管目標是分散全球對中國原料的依賴,但目前首批產品仍主要出口至中國,因全球具備放射性材料處理能力的設施稀缺。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

南非Mintek與SMM合作開發稀土精煉技術,並取得處理放射性物質的核子許可證。該礦場擁有全球極高品位的稀土礦體。

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南非今年在稀土領域出現重大突破,第一階段精煉技術研發成功並順利進入商業化生產。南非國家礦物研究機構執行經理表示,世界各國希望降低對中國原料的依賴,因此更願意投資在稀土產業,以分散供應來源。

今年6月,南非國家礦物研究機構Mintek於實驗室成功提煉出高純度混合稀土產品,是非洲首個達到此技術的國家;隨後,史丁坎普斯寇爾獨居石礦場(Steenkampskraal Monazite Mine,SMM)將此技術應用於其第一階段冶煉廠,於10月初正式進入量產,並將按原訂計畫於年底前完成第一批出貨。

南非在稀土技術領域出現重大進展,使其在稀土地緣政治上扮演的角色受到各界矚目。

Mintek執行經理穆勒(Elmar Muller)近期受訪,他針對非紅供應鏈問題表示,「雖然南非是金磚國家成員,但在稀土政策上我們並未選邊站。事實上,因為現在世界各國不希望過度依賴中國的原料,所以反而更願意投資在我們的稀土產業。」

他強調,任何國家若掌握全球經濟所需關鍵材料的9成產量,都會構成風險。從經濟角度來看,「分散供應來源比較合理」。

他表示,除了來自SMM的原料,Mintek也積極尋求與歐美、非洲其他多國礦場合作,為其客製化精煉技術或洽談技術授權等。

穆勒接著分析,Mintek與SMM的一項重要優勢是已取得南非政府的核子相關許可證,可以處理第二階段過程中產生的釷(thorium)及鈾(uranium)等含放射性物質的原料,是非洲唯一具備這項能力的冶煉廠。目前全球僅有美國及亞洲少數機構有類似能力,南非挾此優勢,目標未來能發展成為非洲稀土加工中心。

他也透露,目前Mintek已開始研發第二階段冶煉技術,2027下半年或許能在第三階段技術出現進展,分離出個別稀土元素。

SMM財務長瑟爾(Tyrone Searle)也接受中央社視訊專訪,記者問及SMM精煉廠進入量產後,第一批買家是哪些國家時,瑟爾表示,「首批產品幾乎全都出口到中國。」

他指出,中國是目前第一階段精礦的主要買家,因為全世界能夠處理這些放射性材料的國家非常少,大部分國家沒有能力進行後續加工。但他也提到,首批出貨中有非常少量的產品會送到加拿大一座小型試驗工廠,他們預計2027年開始向SMM購買幾百噸的產品,進行下一階段處理。

瑟爾透露,SMM目前正在和南非政府及其他國家洽談第二階段的投資,約需3000萬美金。若第二、三階段資金順利到位,預計2028年稀土加工的三個階段全都能進入量產。

他強調,SMM的優勢在於它是全世界稀土礦體品位最高的礦山,約有14.5%,多數其他礦場僅不到1%,甚至有2-4%就算高品位了,也因此它所需的投資金額,遠小於其他礦場。

穆勒指出,目前南非稀土產業發展仍在等待資金挹注,雖已有多國前來洽談,但大部分投資方都想直接取走產品,南非政府則希望以發展南非為優先,提高技術、培養人才,因此各方目前仍處於談判階段。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 2028年實現稀土加工三個階段全量產

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 第二、三階段資金是否能如期到位?
  • 南非政府與投資方的談判何時會有結果?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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