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Back冯德莱恩发表盟情咨文:欧盟将动用一切工具应对对华贸易失衡
冯德莱恩发表盟情咨文:欧盟将动用一切工具应对对华贸易失衡
Politics
德国之声2 hours agoPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

冯德莱恩发表盟情咨文:欧盟将动用一切工具应对对华贸易失衡

欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩在欧洲议会发表年度演讲,强调降低对华关键原材料依赖,并提议将加拿大纳入“准成员国”合作框架。

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欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩在年度“盟情咨文”中表示,欧中贸易失衡已达关键时刻,欧盟将动用一切工具重新平衡关系。同时,她提议深化与加拿大的合作,并宣布成立欧洲关键原材料机构以减少对华依赖,重点关注安全、气候与人工智能领域。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

欧盟近年来持续关注中国制造业产能扩张及其对欧洲市场的影响。冯德莱恩在演讲中提到欧洲部分产业正面临去工业化压力。

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(德国之声中文网)欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩周三(9月16日)在欧洲议会发表年度欧盟“盟情咨文”(State of the Union)演讲时表示,欧盟与中国之间不断扩大的贸易失衡已达到“关键时刻”,欧盟将动用“一切可用工具”重新平衡双方关系,同时降低在关键原材料等战略领域对中国的依赖。

这是冯德莱恩开启第二个五年任期后首次发表盟情咨文。她在长达73分钟的演讲中谈及对华贸易、气候变化、人工智能、移民、安全及乌克兰战争等议题。

她引用狄更斯《双城记》的开篇名句形容当今世界:“这是最好的时代,也是最坏的时代。” 她表示,这句话同样适用于当前国际局势。

倡议加拿大成为欧盟首个“准成员国”

冯德莱恩表示,在一个“公开敌对的世界”中,欧洲必须加强与理念相近伙伴的合作。欧盟希望通过深化与理念相近国家的合作来降低风险。

冯德莱恩提出将欧盟与加拿大的关系提升至前所未有的水平,向加拿大敞开大门接纳其为“准成员国”(Associate Member)。虽然这一身份并未写入现行欧盟条约,但欧盟希望在经济安全、智能制造、科技、防务工业、北极事务、能源、关键矿产、电池技术、量子科技以及网络安全等领域深化合作。

她指出,在乌克兰问题上,加拿大与欧盟始终站在一起,双方共同捍卫民主价值,相信权力不应属于“最强大、最富有或声音最大的人”。

贸易失衡达到“关键时刻”

谈及中国时,冯德莱恩指出,欧盟去年对华货物贸易逆差高达每天10亿欧元,“这一状况已不可持续”。她表示,当前欧中经贸关系已经来到一个关键节点,双方正在就贸易问题展开对话,但欧盟期待看到具体成果。

冯德莱恩表示:“有一点必须明确:我们将运用一切可用工具,重新平衡双方关系。言辞固然重要,但行动更重要。”她同时强调,寻找解决方案符合欧中双方共同利益。

欧盟近年来持续关注中国制造业产能扩张及其对欧洲市场的影响。冯德莱恩在演讲中再次提及所谓“第二次中国冲击”(China Shock),认为欧洲部分产业正面临去工业化压力。因此,欧盟需要进一步强化产业竞争力,确保关键供应链安全。

在此背景下,她宣布欧盟将成立新的欧洲关键原材料机构,负责协调27个成员国在稀土等战略资源领域的采购和储备工作。冯德莱恩指出,目前欧盟在许多关键原材料尤其是稀土方面对中国存在高度依赖,因此建立战略储备已刻不容缓。

冯德莱恩表示,这一机构将帮助欧盟更有效地获取和储存战略资源,为能源转型、先进制造业以及国防工业提供长期保障。

安全、气候与AI成欧盟未来重点

冯德莱恩也将安全、气候变化和人工智能列为未来欧盟的重要政策方向。她承诺,欧盟将在即将到来的冬季向乌克兰提供“迄今最强有力的支持”,包括人道援助、能源设施支援和防空能力建设,并提议成立“欧洲安全委员会”,加强欧盟与英国、加拿大、挪威等伙伴的安全协调。

面对今夏席卷欧洲的极端热浪和森林火灾,欧盟将成立“气候保险联盟”,并推出“欧洲热浪应对计划”,以提升对极端天气的应对能力。在人工智能领域,冯德莱恩则呼吁审慎推进前沿技术发展,加强与英国、加拿大等伙伴合作建立治理规范和安全护栏。此外,欧盟还计划推出新的移民紧急应对机制,以强化边境管理,应对突发性大规模移民潮。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 欧盟将成立欧洲关键原材料机构以协调稀土等战略资源储备。

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 欧盟将具体动用哪些贸易工具来平衡对华关系?
  • “准成员国”身份在欧盟法律框架下的具体运作方式为何?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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