Back紐時揭露:中企浪潮集團透過子公司規避美國晶片出口管制
紐時揭露:中企浪潮集團透過子公司規避美國晶片出口管制
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

紐時揭露:中企浪潮集團透過子公司規避美國晶片出口管制

浪潮集團遭列實體清單後,透過矽谷子公司Aivres及馬來西亞Maginfra繞道取得輝達先進晶片

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《紐約時報》調查發現,遭美國制裁的中國浪潮集團,透過矽谷子公司Aivres及馬來西亞Maginfra等網絡,規避出口管制,持續取得輝達先進晶片並供應中國AI產業。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國政府於2023年3月將浪潮集團列入實體清單,限制其獲取美國技術。浪潮隨後被指控透過更換子公司名稱及利用東南亞供應鏈規避上述制裁。

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《紐約時報》揭露,中國伺服器巨頭浪潮集團(Inspur)2023年遭美國列入實體清單後,其矽谷據點不久便將「Inspur」招牌換成美國子公司Aivres,後者持續透過東南亞供應網路取得及輸送美國先進科技設備。2024年4月至2026年2月,Aivres從美國出口至東南亞的先進科技產品至少達56億美元(約台幣1770億元),其中超過30億美元(約台幣948億)涉及搭載輝達尖端Blackwell晶片等設備的電腦。

美國政府2023年3月以浪潮涉及中國軍方業務為由,將浪潮集團列入實體清單,限制美企向其供應美國技術。不過《紐時》發現,浪潮遭制裁後不久,矽谷辦公室的招牌便從Inspur換成Aivres;由於Aivres並未被納入黑名單,持續協助浪潮建立供應中國AI產業算力的全球網路。

《紐時》檢視數千筆貨運紀錄、企業文件及供應合約,並走訪中國、東南亞及加州後發現,Aivres似乎利用美國出口法規的多項漏洞,成為浪潮規避限制的重要環節。美國聯邦官員已著手調查Aivres業務,但目前調查進度不明。

貿易資料顯示,相關先進設備流向東南亞資料中心及科技公司,其中部分業者為阿里巴巴、字節跳動等中國科技巨頭提供雲端運算服務。另一條供應鏈則指向中國企業Maginfra,該公司短短6個月便從馬來西亞進口逾7億美元伺服器,其中超過1500台的價格與高階AI設備相符。表面上Maginfra雖與浪潮沒有直接關係,但具有國有背景,地址就在浪潮總部附近,多名專利發明人也曾為浪潮工作。

《紐時》調查還發現,包括部分涉及國防研究的中國大學,曾尋求或取得由Maginfra與浪潮打造、內含先進晶片的伺服器。Maginfra去年11月另簽下1.65億美元合約,向中國一家國有銀行旗下部門出售高效能運算技術。ImportGenius研究主管William George認為,相關跡象很難不讓人聯想到一個由中國國家力量支持、用來規避出口管制的網路。

針對調查內容,浪潮、Aivres、Maginfra、阿里巴巴及字節跳動均未回覆《紐時》置評要求,Megaspeed也未提供評論。輝達發言人John Rizzo表示,公司不支持產品遭到轉移,輝達向知名合作夥伴銷售產品,並與合作夥伴合作,以確保所有銷售符合美國出口管制規定。

Aivres目前仍活躍於矽谷,不僅銷售採用AMD技術的AI伺服器,也曾被列為輝達「菁英」合作夥伴。今年5月,輝達更宣布Aivres是投入下一代AI技術伺服器全面量產的20多家公司之一。對於《紐時》詢問相關情況,AMD拒絕置評。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國商務部可能針對Aivres及相關供應鏈進行更嚴格的審查或制裁。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 美國聯邦官員對Aivres的調查進度為何?
  • 輝達是否會採取進一步行動限制Aivres的供貨?

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