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Back|法國暴動重創總統馬克宏 「跛鴨」困境加劇 川普喊話:關閉邊境
法國暴動重創總統馬克宏 「跛鴨」困境加劇 川普喊話:關閉邊境
Developing
自由时报·1 hour ago·World·3 min read·🇨🇳China·

法國暴動重創總統馬克宏 「跛鴨」困境加劇 川普喊話:關閉邊境

全國逾百處爆發警民衝突,馬克宏面臨卸任前嚴峻考驗

Quick Look

法國各地爆發大規模動亂,抗議生活成本高漲的示威與高中生罷課潮合流,巴黎、馬賽等地爆發警民衝突。馬克宏政府面臨內政外交雙重困境,且因憲法限制無法連任,陷入權力消退的跛鴨困境。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

法國近期面臨生活成本高漲及教育資源匱乏問題,引發學生罷課與社會抗爭。馬克宏受憲法限制無法尋求三連任,面臨跛鴨困境。

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法國各地17日爆發大規模動亂,抗議生活與燃油成本高漲的示威浪潮,與已持續數週的高中生抗議活動全面合流,在巴黎、馬賽、里昂等逾百處地點引爆激烈警民衝突。在法國面臨內政與外交雙重困境、政府試圖推動撙節預算之際,這場動盪成為總統馬克宏(Emmanuel Macron)卸任前的嚴峻考驗。

這波抗議行動始於今年9月巴黎東南郊克雷泰(Créteil)的聖艾修伯里高中(Lycée St-Exupéry),最初是因教職員嚴重短缺引發罷課,隨後迅速蔓延至全國,數百所學校被迫關閉。學生對資源匱乏與設施破敗表達強烈不滿,低收入社區情況尤為嚴重。破舊校園內不僅老鼠亂竄、天花板坍塌漏水,教室缺乏空調更讓學生「夏天熱如烤爐、冬天冷如冰窖」。

此外,學生也抗議「早八晚六」的超負荷作息,並要求廢除篩選機制不公的國家大學入學申請平台。最新「國際學生能力評量計畫」(PISA)報告顯示,法國學生的閱讀與數學成績大幅滑落,社會普遍憂心教育體系正喪失協助弱勢兒童向上流動的功能。

自9月學運爆發以來,全法已有至少24所學校遭洗劫或縱火,累計近8000人被捕,多數為未成年人,約900名警察及逾350名師生受傷。

馬克宏自第一任期起,便經常面對激烈的社會抗爭,例如2018年的「黃背心」運動、2023年的退休金改革抗爭等。然而,這次的危機在於「學生運動」與「民生通膨怒火」的雙重夾擊。在法國即將於6個月後舉行總統大選之際,受憲法限制無法於明年尋求三連任的馬克宏,正面臨權力消退的「跛鴨」困境,黨內甚至希望他減少公開發言,以免激怒民眾;其政治盟友更憂心他在歐盟推動的長期預算與對中貿易防禦措施將後繼無力。

左翼政黨「不屈法國」(La France Insoumise)黨魁梅蘭雄(Jean-Luc Mélenchon)力挺學生,並提議將投票年齡下修至16歲;極右翼領袖瑪琳勒班(Marine Le Pen)則要求賦予警方更大權力對付暴徒;保守派前總理菲力普(Édouard Philippe)也強烈譴責打砸縱火行為。

與馬克宏關係不睦的美國總統川普,18日在社群平台發文驚呼「法國正在燃燒!」,與副總統范斯(JD Vance)雙雙將這場暴亂歸咎於西方自由派的移民政策,敦促法國立即關閉邊境。

Open Questions

  • ?政府是否會採取具體措施回應學生訴求?
  • ?動亂是否會影響即將到來的總統大選?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

Quick Look

法國各地爆發大規模動亂,抗議生活成本高漲的示威與高中生罷課潮合流,巴黎、馬賽等地爆發警民衝突。馬克宏政府面臨內政外交雙重困境,且因憲法限制無法連任,陷入權力消退的跛鴨困境。

AI-generated summary

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Negative
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High
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High
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Developing
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自由时报
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Published
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View translation
法國
馬克宏
學生運動
法國
馬克宏
梅蘭雄
瑪琳勒班
菲力普
不屈法國
聖艾修伯里高中
巴黎
馬賽
里昂
克雷泰
馬克宏
學生運動
通貨膨脹
示威
教育改革

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