Coinbase's Base Layer-2 Network Experiences Two Outages Due to Sequencer Bug

A sequencer bug was responsible for two outages of the Coinbase layer-2 network Base last week, according to a post-mortem published on Saturday. In a blog, the Base engineering team said they identified a bug in sequencer block-building logic that allowed “stale journal state” to persist after a transaction validation failure. “An invalid transaction was received by the block builder and failed during execution, as expected, but erroneously did not clear the journal state that contained the accounts and storage slots that had been accessed,” said the team. The Base layer-2 network runs a single sequencer, meaning a critical bug affecting it is enough to halt the network. It is a centralized blockchain component that decides the order of transactions and has been responsible for outages on other layer-2 chains, including Arbitrum, OP Mainnet and zkSync Era. On Thursday and Friday, Base mainnet experienced two block production outages. The first incident lasted 116 minutes and the second lasted 20 minutes. Block production halted completely, and the sequencer and validator nodes could not progress past the invalid block until sequencing was restored. The team fixed the outages by applying a patch to the sequencer to ensure the journal state was properly updated during execution. However, mitigation took longer than expected “due to infrastructure conditions unrelated to the original bug,” they said. There was also a “race condition” after the system reset, which prevented the sequencers from catching up, causing the second outage. Related: Coinbase's Base resumes block production after 2-hour outage Going forward, the Base engineering team plans to improve protocol “fuzz testing,” which involves bombarding the system with large volumes of random, malformed, or unexpected inputs to find bugs, and building “graceful recovery” so that validator nodes don’t need manual restarts during future incidents. Not the first outage for Base It is not the first sequencer-related outage for Base, which stopped producing blocks for 17 minutes in September 2024 and for around 30 minutes in August 2025. Base is the second-largest layer-2 network by total value secured, which is just under $11 billion, according to L2Beat.