Cholesterol, risk of heart attacks and strokes even with low LDL values. The study

The study

To carry out the study, published in the scientific journal European Heart Journal, researchers examined almost 3 thousand proteins present in the blood and compared them with the genetic information and medical records of the participants. Among the elements identified there are two types of lipoproteins: those rich in triglycerides, indicated by the acronym TRL, and lipoprotein(a), known as Lp(a). Both transport fats in the blood and, according to research, are involved in processes that can damage the cardiovascular system. In particular, these particles could promote inflammatory phenomena and alterations in the walls of blood vessels, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the accumulation of substances in the arteries which can hinder the flow of blood.

The results

The findings help explain what is called "residual cardiovascular risk", that is, the possibility of developing heart disease even after reducing LDL cholesterol to levels considered adequate. According to the researchers, the lipoproteins TRL and Lp(a) could contribute to this risk through different mechanisms than those linked to bad cholesterol. For this reason, measuring LDL alone may not be sufficient to completely describe a person's risk profile. The study therefore suggests paying attention also to other indicators, including lipoprotein(a) and particles rich in triglycerides, but - as specified - further studies will be necessary to understand whether intervening on these factors can concretely reduce cardiovascular risk and improve prevention strategies.