
浙大一院血管外科专家提醒:内脏动脉瘤并非老年病,AI辅助筛查可降低漏诊风险
一名32岁女性因咽喉异物感就诊,常规CT未见异常,但通过AI影像模型识别出脾动脉瘤。专家张鸿坤指出,内脏动脉瘤隐匿性强,年轻人亦有风险,需通过CTA确诊,并强调AI仅为辅助,最终诊疗依赖临床医生判断。
AI-generated summary
内脏动脉瘤因位置较深且早期症状不明显,常在破裂后才被发现。AI影像模型能辅助医生在常规体检中识别可疑病灶。
只是嗓子有异物感,去耳鼻喉科做食管CT,报告写着食管未见异常,谁能料到,腹腔里正藏着一枚无声的“定时炸弹”。
近日,浙江大学医学院附属第一医院(以下简称“浙大一院”)接诊了一名32岁育龄女性,她没有腹痛、腹胀等腹部不适,因咽喉异物感就诊,接受了食管平扫CT检查。常规阅片并未发现血管异常,但院内AI影像模型iVAA识别出可疑病灶,提示存在脾动脉瘤的可能,病灶大小约为22.6毫米×16.0毫米。
收到预警后,团队随即复核影像,判定为高风险病例,并电话通知患者返院复查。国庆后,患者接受腹主动脉CT血管成像(CTA)检查,确诊为脾动脉瘤,符合手术指征。
“很多人拿到报告看到‘瘤’字就恐慌,也有人觉得不痛就万事大吉,还有年轻人以为这种病和自己无关。”浙大一院血管外科主任张鸿坤接受中新社采访时表示,门诊中,患者对内脏动脉瘤常有以下三种认识误区。
误区一:动脉瘤就是肿瘤?
不少患者一看见“瘤”字,第一反应就是癌症,担心要化疗。“动脉瘤不是恶性肿瘤。”张鸿坤解释,肿瘤是细胞异常增殖长出的肿物;动脉瘤是血管壁受损、弹性下降,在血流冲击下局部向外膨出,就像老化水管鼓包。动脉瘤没有癌细胞,也不会转移,但一旦破裂,可能引发腹腔大出血,危及生命。
误区二:没有痛感,就代表安全?
内脏动脉瘤可发生于脾动脉、肝动脉、肾动脉、腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉等部位。这些血管位置较深,瘤体较小时,患者可能没有疼痛、腹胀等明显症状,破裂前也可能缺乏预警,因此容易被忽视。
误区三:内脏动脉瘤是老年病,年轻人不会得?
“临床上三四十岁的患者并不少见,年轻不等于血管安全。”张鸿坤提醒,年轻人也应关注相关风险因素,包括长期控制不佳的高血压、吸烟、长期熬夜,以及先天性结缔组织异常、先天性血管壁薄弱、反复胰腺炎和腹部外伤等。一些中青年人血压偏高却未及时监测、干预,长期血压升高可能损伤血管,慢慢形成病变。
确诊不能靠平扫CT!血管评估有讲究
普通平扫CT主要观察脏器和软组织,很难看清血管管腔全貌,病灶容易被肠道、脏器遮挡,小动脉瘤极易漏诊。增强CT血管造影(CTA)是确诊内脏动脉瘤的金标准,造影剂将血管“点亮”,才能看清瘤体大小、形态以及和分支血管的关系。
是否需要干预,不能只看动脉瘤的大小。除直径外,医生还会评估瘤体形态是否规则、是否呈囊状以及增长速度,并结合患者血压、备孕计划、有无夹层等情况综合判断。即使瘤体大小尚未达到干预阈值,如果形态异常、进展较快,也可能需要干预。
AI辅助预警,诊疗仍需医生判断
未来,患者接受普通平扫CT检查时,AI有望同步提示可疑的内脏动脉病灶,帮助医生更早发现问题。
过去,一些内脏动脉瘤患者直到破裂、急诊就医时才被确诊。借助AI工具,有望在体检阶段发现可疑病灶,为基层医院、体检中心提供辅助筛查。
张鸿坤强调,AI提供的是可疑病灶线索,不能直接作出诊断。收到AI预警后,血管外科医生需要判断是否确有病灶,评估是否需要进一步接受CTA检查,再结合患者年龄、基础疾病、生育计划等,综合评估破裂风险。是否需要干预、选择微创还是开放手术,最终治疗方案须由临床医生决定。
哪些人可咨询医生,评估是否需要进一步检查腹部血管?
• 长期患高血压且血压控制不佳者,尤其是中青年患者 • 吸烟、高血脂人群 • 有胰腺炎病史或腹部外伤史者 • 有结缔组织病或血管先天发育异常家族史者 • 育龄期女性,可咨询医生了解脾动脉瘤相关风险 • 普通CT提示腹腔存在可疑血管影者 • 反复出现不明原因腹痛,经胃肠道检查仍未明确病因者
“查出内脏动脉瘤,不等于马上就要开刀。”张鸿坤说,患者不必过度恐慌,也不能置之不理。应到血管外科接受规范评估,并按医嘱定期随访。及早发现、规范评估,在必要时接受治疗,并坚持长期管理,有助于降低动脉瘤破裂及大出血的风险。

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