
考古团队完成反山三座史前建筑复原工作,为探寻中国早期陵寝制度提供重要线索
在第四届“良渚论坛”期间,考古团队披露良渚古城反山王陵东侧发现一组距今五千年的高等级建筑群。通过120个柱洞遗存,团队复原了三座史前建筑,推测其可能与早期陵寝制度及祭祀仪式有关。
AI-generated summary
反山是良渚王陵所在地,曾出土“玉琮王”。此次发现的建筑群位于王陵东侧,距今约五千年。
中新网杭州10月18日电(林波)近日,在第四届“良渚论坛”期间,中外嘉宾走进浙江杭州的良渚古城遗址公园,探访反山考古发掘现场。
浙江省文物考古研究所研究员、良渚古城及水利系统遗址考古队负责人王宁远现场披露考古新成果:继去年在反山墓地东侧土台发现建筑遗迹后,考古团队今年完成这批史前建筑的复原工作。
王宁远表示,在出土“玉琮王”的反山王陵东侧,一组距今五千年前的高等级建筑格局逐步浮出水面,为探寻中国早期陵寝制度提供重要线索。
反山是良渚王陵所在地,大名鼎鼎的“玉琮王”便出自这片高等级墓地。考古显示,反山土墩中心位置分布3座建筑,最大的主体建筑为椭圆形,配套两座小型建筑,整体构成王陵旁一组特殊建筑群。
站在探方边缘,王宁远向嘉宾介绍复原细节。支撑这一建筑复原的考古证据,是土层中清理出的120个柱洞。
浙江省文物考古研究所工作人员李松阳将柱洞遗存划分为三组,分别对应F1、F2、F3三座建筑。
其中编号F1的椭圆形建筑为杆栏式主体建筑,依托人工堆筑的坡地修建,外围带有一圈围廊,室内地板高于围廊地面。
该建筑东西长25.2米、南北宽16米,占地面积约316平方米。柱洞与红烧土痕迹证明,一条廊道将F1与圆形建筑F2相连。F2占地面积约105平方米,体量明显小于主建筑F2北侧的F3为方形建筑,占地面积仅23平方米,是三座建筑里规模最小的一座。
考古团队研究发现,建筑平面柱网结构直接来自地下发掘遗存;良渚时期尚未发现保存完好的木构建筑实物,建筑上部梁架形态,参考同期出土陶屋模型、陶器上的房屋纹样进行复原。
紧邻王陵的特殊区位、独特形制与建筑体量,让学界聚焦这组建筑的功能。王宁远猜想:“这座椭圆形主体建筑是否为良渚王陵的享殿,专供祭祀仪式使用?连同外围院墙在内,这处遗存是否预示良渚古国已诞生早期陵寝制度?”
他表示,上述推测目前系考古假说,并非定论。考古队仍将持续发掘,寻找更多实证。“若是人居场所,周边会留存大量生活垃圾、灶台等生活遗存。我们将依靠出土遗存,进一步判断建筑使用属性。”
值得一提的是,良渚文明没有文字,考古学者只能依靠建筑、器物等物质遗存,一点点复原五千多年前古国的社会秩序。
随着院墙、栈桥与三座建筑遗存相继厘清,反山王陵一整套完整的空间格局正被逐步拼合。这组王陵旁的仪式性建筑遗存,持续丰富良渚古国权力体系与礼制文明的考古拼图,为实证中华五千多年文明史增添新的实物线索。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
考古队将持续发掘以寻找更多实证判断建筑属性。
Very likely · Within months

Wan Fengyi, a professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, has returned to China and taken a chair professorship at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, where he is based at a national laboratory developing intravascular devices. He is among at least five senior scientists from leading US institutions who have joined Zhejiang University full-time this year.

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