
徽剧演员在宏村为德国总统施泰因迈尔演出,徽剧已在20多个国家和地区上演
三百年历史的徽剧从徽州祠堂走向世界舞台,已在德国、日本、澳大利亚等20多个国家和地区演出,2025年12月《惊魂记》在第二届撒哈拉国际戏剧节斩获五项大奖。
AI-generated summary
徽剧原名徽调,已有三百多年历史,1790年三庆班等“四大徽班”进京融合昆腔、秦腔、汉调等声腔,最终孕育京剧,被称为京剧“鼻祖”。2006年,徽剧列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产项目名录。
“海岛冰轮初转腾,恰似明镜照我身……”近日,在安徽省黄山市黟县宏村,19岁的徽剧演员许依洁轻扬水袖,唱起《贵妃醉酒》。台下,德国总统施泰因迈尔看得专注,不时举起手机拍摄。
许依洁10岁学戏,是黄山市“徽剧振兴工程”定向班培养的青年演员。在黄山的小剧场,她常遇到外国游客,“很多人看完戏,还会专程去徽剧博物馆参观”。
许依洁说,徽剧有一种独特的演唱方式:演员会在正式唱词中插入近乎口语的短句,像说话一样向观众倾诉,当地人称之为“加滚”。
徽剧原名徽调,已有三百多年历史。许多观众熟悉京剧,却未必知道徽剧被称为京剧“鼻祖”。1790年,三庆班等“四大徽班”进京,融合昆腔、秦腔、汉调等声腔,最终孕育京剧。2006年,徽剧列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产项目名录。
徽剧的故事,要从徽州的祠堂说起。徽州山多地少,当地人沿古道外出经商,成为富甲一方的徽商,致富后回乡资助戏班、搭台唱戏。
黄山市徽剧院副院长江贤琴介绍,徽州戏台常建在祠堂前方,正对供奉祖先的厅堂,“一场戏既是演给族人看,也像是唱给祖先听。”戏台顶部雕花层层收拢,不用麦克风,声音也能传得很远。村人若违反乡规,有时会被“罚请一台戏”,劝善的戏文就这样成了村里的公德课。
“徽剧不是把徽文化当背景板,而是把徽州人的信仰、审美、习俗直接转化为可观可感的表演。”江贤琴说,早期徽班戏服的用料、纹样可见徽州刺绣特色,风格厚重鲜明,适合祠堂大场远观,与昆曲淡雅的庭院审美不同。
10月10日,由安徽省徽京剧院创排的徽剧《戚继光》在安徽大剧院展演。汪航 摄
中国戏剧梅花奖得主、徽剧表演艺术家李龙斌用16个字概括其风格:唱腔“大喊大叫”,锣鼓“大锣大号”,表演“大蹦大跳”,服饰“大红大绿”。徽剧还以武戏见长,演员能在桌面上翻腾、从火圈中穿过,这些惊险动作源自古老的祭祀仪式和目连戏。
如今,徽剧的国际“朋友圈”越来越大,已在德国、日本、澳大利亚等20多个国家和地区演出。
2012年,安徽省徽京剧院创排《惊魂记》,把莎士比亚名著《麦克白》的故事搬到中国春秋时期,用徽剧唱腔身段重新演绎。
该剧主演、中国戏剧梅花奖得主汪育殊说,这“不是形式上的拼接,而是用自己的艺术语言,讲述人类共通的悲欢”。2025年12月,《惊魂记》在第二届撒哈拉国际戏剧节斩获五项大奖。有外国观众告诉汪育殊:“中国戏曲的每个动作都像在讲故事。”
2026年,该剧院又推出戏曲实验剧《谁是麦克白》:观众围坐四周,演员近在咫尺,唱段减少,互动增强。近日,印度尼西亚留学生许玉萍在安徽百戏城观看该剧后说:“以前看戏总觉得有距离,这次演员就在眼前,连眼神和呼吸都能感受到,徽剧原来可以这么亲近。”
如今,乡村戏曲节、戏曲进校园、新媒体直播,让古老徽腔吸引越来越多年轻人。(完)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
徽剧将继续在更多国家和地区演出,扩大国际影响力
Likely · Within months

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