
胡佛研究所資深研究員戴雅門指出,過去20年全球民主出現威權民粹主義浪潮,但台灣在高度政治極化與中國資訊攻勢下仍展現強健民主韌性,其中關鍵在於中選會的獨立性,美國等國可從中學習。
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過去20年全球民主出現倒退趨勢,表現為威權民粹主義興起、政治極化加劇及法治惡化;台灣雖處高度極化與中國資訊攻勢下,但民主制度仍展現韌性。
觀察全球民主過去20年的趨勢,史丹佛大學胡佛研究所資深研究員戴雅門(Larry Diamond)今(9日)指出,如今已演變成民粹主義與攻擊民主規範的「威權浪潮」,而台灣即便身處高度政治極化、以及中國資訊攻勢與灰色地帶干預之下,依然展現強健的民主韌性,其中的「祕訣」之一就是中選會的獨立性,美國還有很多需要學習。
施明德基金會今天舉辦「公民社會、民主韌性與國家安全國際學術研討會:紅衫軍反貪腐運動二十週年」。基金會董事長、前民進黨主席施明德的遺孀施陳嘉君開場表示,紅衫軍20年前走上凱達格蘭大道時,施明德堅持非暴力原則,使大規模群眾運動未走向權力爭奪,最後將貪腐爭議交由司法與民主制度處理。
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施陳嘉君說,紅衫軍留下的「不是一個紀念日,而是一道考題」,社會在高度動員時能否自我約束,人民可以憤怒,但不能放棄理性;可以挑戰掌權者,但不能摧毀民主。她指出,20年後重新討論這段歷史,是要思考公民社會、民主韌性與國家安全,以及一個開放社會能否在防衛自身的同時,不因此變成另一個威權。
接著,戴雅門以「全球威權浪潮及其逆轉之道」為題展開主題演講。他表示,過去20年的全球民主變化,包括民主程度與公民權利下降、法治惡化,以及自由民主體制內出現非自由甚至威權式民粹主義,政治極化與不寬容也被社群媒體進一步放大;中國、俄羅斯等威權國家則透過政治、金融及數位手段,介入民主社會的資訊空間。
戴雅門分析,全球民主倒退常以威權民粹主義的形式出現,這類領導人掌權後可能打擊反對黨、攻擊媒體、削弱司法獨立、政治化執法體系,並壓縮公民社會與選舉制度的自主空間,同時透過尋找國內外「敵人」進行政治動員。若控制選舉行政、破壞選舉程序完整性,將成為民主倒退過程中最危險的環節之一。
談及台灣經驗,戴雅門回顧,1996年首次總統直選是台灣完成民主轉型的重要節點,即使如今政治極化程度很高,又面臨來自中華人民共和國長期的資訊攻勢及灰色地帶介入,依據自由之家的評估報告,台灣仍維持非常強健且有韌性的民主,且沒有任何國家像台灣一樣,多年來承受如此強烈的攻勢。
此外,戴雅門盛讚,台灣民主成功與公信力的「祕訣」之一,就是中選會的獨立性,希望美國也能同樣堅定地維持這種獨立性,「在這方面,我們有很多東西可以向你們學習。」
至於全球該如何逆轉威權民粹主義趨勢,戴雅門認為,民主陣營必須降低政治極化、建立跨越黨派分歧的廣泛聯盟,也應正視自身未能傾聽及回應社會不滿的問題,透過包容性的「公民愛國主義」抗衡排外式民族主義。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
美國將參考台灣中選會模式加強選舉制度獨立性
Possible · Within months

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Hsinchu County Mayor candidate Zheng Chaofang said in an interview that only political achievements can transcend political parties. In recent years, Zhubei City has won recognition from citizens through infrastructure improvements and innovative development. He believes that elections should transcend political party opposition and choose a brand of urban governance. He respects Kuomintang legislator Lin Siming’s analysis of the Zhubei mayoral election and emphasized that the current focus is on municipal work.

DPP Taipei mayoral candidate Shen Boyang responded to the controversy over Taipei Mayor Chiang Wanan's alleged evasion of him at the Cihou Palace Pudu Gala. He said that problems cannot be avoided if people can't avoid them, and he hopes there will be more opportunities to discuss municipal affairs directly.

Li Qize, an associate professor at Changhua Normal University, submitted a letter advocating the study of the "one country, two systems" Taiwan plan and the peaceful autonomy agreement. Chen Binhua, spokesman for the Taiwan Affairs Office of China, welcomed this and said that the reunification of the motherland is a must-answer question. Hong Pu-chao, deputy executive director of the Land Research Center of Tunghai University, criticized China for using Taiwan's democratic system to conduct a united front and create the illusion of unity through internal discussions.

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On the 9th, KMT New Taipei mayor candidate Li Sichuan, accompanied by New Taipei City Speaker Jiang Genhuang and many district chiefs, went to Xinzhuang Yumin Market to sweep the streets and pray for votes. He was warmly welcomed by vendors and people. He promised that if elected, he would promote the "Dahanxi MRT Longitudinal Line" to connect Taipei's Dadaocheng, Sanchong, Xinzhuang, Yaozaizhen and Shulin to enhance Xinzhuang's traffic capacity. He also stated that if the central government has no intention of promoting the development of the second phase of the National Film and Audio-Visual Culture Center, New Taipei City will plan and utilize it on its own to promote local development.