山西临汾霍州市通过汾河全流域系统治理,实现生态修复与乡村振兴的有机结合
山西临汾霍州市通过汾河全流域系统治理,完善防洪工程与气象预警,改善生态环境。冯南垣村依托治理成果,通过污水处理与基础设施升级,发展特色农业与旅游业,实现生态红利转化为经济效益。
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2021年秋季,霍州市遭遇强降雨,汾河发生洪峰,导致冯南垣村房屋受损及基础设施中断。随后山西省启动“一泓清水入黄河”工程,对汾河进行系统治理。
临近立冬,黄土塬上的风已带着寒意。在山西临汾霍州市师庄乡冯南垣村,村民师新平刚从蔬菜大棚里忙完,赶着回家给玉米脱粒,“今年可是个好年景!”
这好年景,来自对黄河第二大支流汾河的全流域系统治理。
早些年,冯南垣村村民的房屋,多为上世纪70年代所建,砖土结构居多。
2021年秋,霍州市遭遇有气象记录以来的最强秋汛,降雨量比正常年份同期偏多近5倍,汾河形成1993年以来最大洪峰。当时,全村19户29间房屋倒塌,42户65间房屋受损,进村主通道中断。
村民师红兵家的4间窑洞,在一次强降雨后全部倒塌。“多亏了乡干部,我们才能安全转移。”受灾后的首个冬天,师红兵搬进原址重建的装配式住房,“结实又暖和”。
然而,新的问题摆在眼前。下一次强降雨来临前,如何更好提前防范?
一处立在村西北、被白色围栏围起来的气象观测站给出答案。
霍州市乡村振兴服务中心负责人席光明介绍,市里在当年遭受严重灾情的地区、山洪灾害易发地区建了气象站,提升预警能力。目前,全市共有降水监测设备52处,汛期实时监控天气变化,并与应急指挥中心联动。“村里也建了沟通群,重要农时和汛期会在群里及时通报天气等情况,提前预警。”师新平说。
相关工程措施也不断完善。村党支部书记曹德平介绍,近两年,村里改造排洪渠4.2公里,合理导流;栽植绿化苗木30万株,固土护坡、涵养水土……如今,一旦有汛情,能提前预警并安全转移群众。
4.2公里的排洪渠,解决了冯南垣村“水往哪里去”的问题。但这片流域的安全,不能只有一个冯南垣村。
视线转向霍州城区,汾河干流穿城而过。在汾河霍州城区段,水面宽阔,水鸟在河面嬉戏,不少市民在大坝旁的绿道锻炼。霍州市水利局河长制执行中心主任刘洋指着绿道说:“原先这里都是滩涂,人根本没法走下去。”2021年水位最高时,这里的水几乎漫出堤坝。
那时候,短板不止一处。汾河霍州市段不少堤防存在缺失段、陈旧段,部分河道主槽护岸不连贯,行洪断面不足,缺乏全线贯通的行洪通道。很多河道年久失修,两岸浆砌石大量损坏,遇到强降雨,堤防容易出险。
“2023年,山西启动‘一泓清水入黄河’生态保护工程,重点任务就是对汾河干流及主要支流进行全流域系统治理,统筹治污、调水、清淤、增湿、绿岸一体推进。霍州市有9个项目纳入其中,工程实施后,流域治理能力大幅提升。”刘洋说。
“变化,就在水面中央那道气盾坝上。”刘洋指着水面说。
从岸上看,只见水流从一道低矮的平台上翻过,看不出水下藏着什么。汾河霍州市段综合治理工程项目部技术组负责人闫会军道出“门道”:旱季,气盾坝充气顶起盾板蓄水;汛期,气盾坝排气,盾板完全倒伏行洪,从结构上解决了原先用的橡胶坝外露老化、怕撞击和北方冬季冻胀开裂的问题。有了气盾坝,河道行洪能力提升,周边生态环境也得以修复。
治理后,汾河霍州城区段防洪标准大幅提升,汾河流域生态治理项目接续推进,城区段实现全河段蓄水,亲水平台、沿河步道、文化游园等也沿着两岸铺开。“以前,汾河岸边荒草丛生,现在,河水清亮,白鹭都回来了。”临汾市生态环境局霍州分局水防股负责人刘燕峰说。
在霍州市“一泓清水入黄河”生态保护工程中,第一个项目就是霍州市农村生活污水处理工程,共建了7座农村污水处理站。
新建的管道并入城区污水收集管网,冯南垣村的污水管道,正是这张网伸向黄土塬的末梢。这条管道只做一件事:不让塬上的生活污水直排进沟、进河。这件事做成了,村里才有条件把餐饮、民宿、研学游客往塬上接,让治理后的生态基底变成产业可以落脚的接口。
如今,8个蔬菜大棚试种成功,年馍加工作坊投产,村里的餐厅依托自有的富硒小麦面粉和大棚果蔬推出富硒小麦馍、果蔬拿铁等特色产品……
村民的感受更直接。“原来村里绿化少,现在就像公园一样。”师红兵说。
走进今天的冯南垣村,5G基站静静矗立,道路宽阔平整,路灯沿村道排开。不少人家里,装着光伏储能设备。村里连续几年举办“冯南垣上过大年”活动,累计接待游客逾10万人次,威风锣鼓、蒲剧、年馍制作体验红红火火,黄土塬上的村庄有了新模样。
从冯南垣村的排洪渠,到汾河霍州市段的系统治理,汾河两岸,处处是新景、处处有希望。
The National Climate Center confirmed that this eastern-type super El Niño event is the strongest since monitoring records began, and is expected to reach its peak in late autumn and early winter. Experts interpret that it will have a significant impact on my country's climate pattern this winter, next spring and next summer, and remind the public to be wary of related meteorological misunderstandings.
According to the Ministry of Water Resources, the strongest super El Niño event in the history of monitoring records occurred from September to October this year. It is expected that there will be basin flood risks in the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, Songhua River and other river basins next year, droughts may occur in northwest and North China, and the risk of freezing floods in the Ningmeng-Mongolia section of the Yellow River will increase.

The Central Meteorological Administration forecasts that due to the influence of the northeast monsoon today, there will be local short-lived showers and local heavy rains in the Yihua area. There will be local short-lived rains in the north of Taoyuan, Taitung and the Hengchun Peninsula. It will be cloudy to sunny in the south of Hsinchu. There will be sporadic short-lived showers in the southern mountainous areas in the afternoon. It will be cooler in the north and Yilan. The high-screen air quality will be an orange warning level. From tonight, there is a chance of winds above level 6 or gusts above level 8 in many places. Please pay attention to the safety of long waves at the beach.

The Tainan City Environmental Protection Alliance received a report that unscrupulous operators were suspected of illegally dumping waste and covering it with soil about 200 meters away from the Wushantou Reservoir tap water quality and quantity protection zone. The environmental group used drone aerial photography to find traces of flattening by a crawler crane and a hidden yellow excavator at the site. They have reported it to the Environmental Protection Bureau, the Ministry of Environment and the Bureau of Investigation, requiring immediate excavation and sampling to prevent the drinking water sources of Greater Tainan from being contaminated. The Environmental Protection Bureau has sent personnel to inspect the site together with the police on November 4 and collect soil samples for inspection. Excavation and inspection are expected on the 6th.
The 2026 Xiamen International Ocean Week opened in Xiamen on November 5. With the theme of "Working Together to Protect the Deep Blue, Harmony and Symbiosis of the Human Sea", representatives from many countries and heads of international organizations discussed global ocean governance, ecological restoration and deep-sea cooperation, and released results such as a marine ecological environment terminology retrieval platform.
The Qinghai Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment issued the "Qinghai Province Ecological Environment Protection "15th Five-Year Plan"", which clarified that the quality of the ecological environment will be comprehensively improved by 2030, and proposed the ecological protection goal of "one model, three demonstrations", emphasizing the promotion of green and low-carbon transformation through digital and intelligent governance and strict rule of law.