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Back中国证监会有关部门负责人就《违规转让证券案件行政处罚实施规则》答记者问
中国证监会有关部门负责人就《违规转让证券案件行政处罚实施规则》答记者问
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中国新闻网1 hour agoBusiness7 min readChinaView translation

中国证监会有关部门负责人就《违规转让证券案件行政处罚实施规则》答记者问

明确违规减持认定标准与裁量阶次,强化穿透式监管

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2026年10月19日,中国证监会发布《违规转让证券案件行政处罚实施规则》,旨在细化《证券法》关于违规转让证券的认定标准与处罚裁量,通过“违规比例+金额”双指标实现精准执法,严厉打击绕道减持及违规代持等乱象。

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Why It Matters

2019年修订的《证券法》扩大了违规转让证券的规制范围。2025年施行的《中国证监会行政处罚裁量基本规则》为细化裁量标准奠定了基础。

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2026年10月19日,中国证监会发布《违规转让证券案件行政处罚实施规则》(以下简称《规则》)。中国证监会有关部门负责人就《规则》回答了记者提问。

一、问:制定《规则》的背景是什么?

答:2019年修订的《中华人民共和国证券法》(以下简称《证券法》)对违规转让证券违法行为的认定和处罚作了较大修改,尤其是将规制范围从“违反法律规定”扩张至“违反法律、行政法规和国务院证券监督管理机构规定”,将规制类型从“违反限制转让期限”扩张至“违反限制转让期限、卖出时间、卖出数量、卖出方式、信息披露等”,为打击此类违法行为提供了充足法律依据。

同时,2025年施行的《中国证监会行政处罚裁量基本规则》系统性明确了行政处罚裁量的基本要求、裁量阶次和裁量情节,为进一步细化规定违规转让证券案件的行政处罚裁量标准奠定了基础。

在这一背景下,为深入贯彻落实《国务院关于加强监管防范风险推动资本市场高质量发展的若干意见》精神,全面完善减持规则体系,严厉打击各类违规减持,中国证监会在系统总结近年来监管工作实践经验、调研听取多方意见建议的基础上,制定了《规则》,用于指导、规范证券行政执法工作。

二、问:《规则》的主要内容有哪些?

答:《规则》共十八条,主要内容包括:

一是规范“违规转让证券”的认定。明确《证券法》第一百八十六条规定的“转让证券”“在限制转让期内转让证券”“转让股票不符合法律、行政法规和国务院证券监督管理机构规定”的内涵、具体情形,以及一致行动人的违法主体认定。需要说明的是:违规转让证券的类型多样,为便于执法操作,《规则》根据证券性质、行为主体、行为特征、危害性大小等,将违规转让证券行为细分为“违反法律的‘在限制转让期内转让证券’”“在持有期限、卖出时间方面不符合行政法规、中国证监会规定”“在卖出数量、信息披露等方面不符合法律、行政法规和中国证监会规定”“未按规定暂停交易等收购中违规转让股票”四种类别,力求准确定性,精准执法。

二是规范“违规转让证券”的处罚。针对不同类别,差异化设置不同的裁量阶次指标,力求过罚相当。同时,还对量罚调整情节做列举式规定,对并罚与从一重处的情形、调整适用的情形和市场禁入等作提示性规定。

三、问:《规则》有哪些突出特点?

答:《规则》主要有以下几个突出特点:

一是实现对违规转让证券情形的科学分类。在体系化梳理各类法律、行政法规和中国证监会规定的基础上,《规则》将实践中情形复杂、类型多样的违规转让证券行为细化为四大类别,并配套设置差异化裁量阶次,明确不同类型行为的界定标准与处罚导向,让监管执法更加有章可循。

二是统一行政处罚裁量尺度。《规则》按照“违规转让比例+金额”双指标精准划分裁量阶次,在《证券法》规定的宽泛罚款幅度内构建了更为细致的梯度标准:违规比例不足2%或金额不足4000万元的,适用从轻处罚阶次;违规比例在5%以上且金额在5亿元以上的,适用从重处罚阶次;其余情形,适用一般处罚阶次。同时,《规则》还明确了十余种从轻、从重等处罚情节,做到“一把尺子量到底”,有效提高类案裁量的精细化和透明度。

三是充分体现穿透式监管原则。《规则》按照实质重于形式原则,对于实践中存在的利用“交易”“工具”等手段规避监管的绕道减持行为,依法从严打击、从重惩处。对于构成共同违法,或者转让证券且具有过错的一致行动人,依法认定为违法主体,追究行政法律责任,彻底封堵“马甲账户”“违规代持”等市场乱象。

四、问:对于同时涉及信息披露违法的未按规定暂停交易案件如何处理?

答:行为人违反《证券法》第六十三条第一款、第二款的规定,未按规定暂停交易,其卖出行为违反《证券法》第三十六条第一款规定的,如果同时存在信息披露违法行为,信息披露违法行为和违规转让证券行为构成两个独立违法行为的,应当按照《证券法》第一百九十七条和第一百八十六条等分别认定和处罚。

五、问:下一步,在推动实施《规则》方面有哪些考虑?

答:《规则》向市场传递了“从严监管、精准执法”的强烈信号,对引导市场主体规范减持、维护市场秩序具有重要意义。下一步,我们将强化组织落实,确保《规则》落到实处、发挥实效。一是加强市场引导,对《规则》的核心内容和监管导向进行宣传解读,使市场参与者尤其是大股东、董事、高级管理人员不断提高合规意识,自觉运用《规则》规范、约束自身行为,引导市场形成“合规减持、违规重罚”的稳定预期。二是做好培训指导,通过组织业务培训等形式,逐条解读立法原义、适用情形和典型案例,确保执法人员在认定和裁量等各环节都严格按照《规则》规范执法行为,同时加强中国证监会对派出机构行政处罚的监督、指导。三是实施动态评估,常态化梳理统计类案行政处罚情况,开展执法效果评估,针对市场新型违法手法持续优化、完善违规转让证券案件行政处罚制度体系,平衡股权正常流通需求与中小投资者权益保护。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 证监会将开展针对新规的业务培训及执法效果评估。

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 后续典型案例的执法执行力度如何?
  • 市场对新规的合规成本预期变化。

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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