Breaking
BRResident is shot during chase and shootout between police and criminals in EstácioPLFire in the parking lot of Galeria Krakowska. There are difficulties for public transport passengersTR20 days of marriage ended in death! Neighbors spoke: They were fighting almost every nightESThe Constitutional Court rejects the appeal for the 'grandchildren law' and maintains the suspension of voting ordered by the Supreme CourtTRTrump requested, Putin failed: The American teacher who has been detained for 4 years is released!CNThe fight started before they even entered the court. Three Egyptian men fought each other outside the court and were sent to hospital.DEZDF reporter Michael Pfeffer had a fatal accidentGLOBALUS citizen Stephen Hubbard freed by Russia and 'on his way home', Trump saysTRArmed attack on a jeweler at night in MardinFRThe operator Orange reports “disruptions” on its mobile network, SMS and calls are “strongly” disruptedBRResident is shot during chase and shootout between police and criminals in EstácioPLFire in the parking lot of Galeria Krakowska. There are difficulties for public transport passengersTR20 days of marriage ended in death! Neighbors spoke: They were fighting almost every nightESThe Constitutional Court rejects the appeal for the 'grandchildren law' and maintains the suspension of voting ordered by the Supreme CourtTRTrump requested, Putin failed: The American teacher who has been detained for 4 years is released!CNThe fight started before they even entered the court. Three Egyptian men fought each other outside the court and were sent to hospital.DEZDF reporter Michael Pfeffer had a fatal accidentGLOBALUS citizen Stephen Hubbard freed by Russia and 'on his way home', Trump saysTRArmed attack on a jeweler at night in MardinFRThe operator Orange reports “disruptions” on its mobile network, SMS and calls are “strongly” disrupted
Back为“罕见病患者”备好药:京东健康打通创新药首发“最后一公里”
为“罕见病患者”备好药:京东健康打通创新药首发“最后一公里”
Developing
中国新闻网yesterdayHealth15 min readChinaView translation

为“罕见病患者”备好药:京东健康打通创新药首发“最后一公里”

针对发作性睡病的全球首创新药奥泽悦®在京东健康上线,标志着中国在睡眠医学创新药领域实现历史性突破。

Quick Look

针对发作性睡病的全球首创新药奥泽悦®在京东健康全网独家首发。中国凭借审评审批改革和临床研究能力,实现了该药的全球“首报首发”,打破了长期以来罕见病治疗困境,并通过医药供应链打通患者用药“最后一公里”。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

2023年发作性睡病被纳入我国第二批罕见病目录。奥泽悦®是中国首个批准上市的1型发作性睡病新药。

Font size

公交车上睡、看书时睡、开会看合同时也会频频睡着……28岁的蒋女士(化名)似乎拥有随时随地“秒睡”的超能力。

别人笑她“睡神”,妈妈也曾觉得她“天生懒”,可真正的原因,是一种慢性、罕见的神经系统疾病——发作性睡病。2023年,发作性睡病被正式纳入我国《第二批罕见病目录》。

10月15日,针对该病的全球首创新药奥泽悦®(通用名:奥普雷顿片)在京东健康正式全网独家首发。

这是一款在全球多中心同步研发、同步申报的新靶点创新药。今年7月,依托国家药监局对具有显著临床优势新药的加快审评审批,中国成为奥泽悦®在全球范围内第一个批准上市的国家。从受理到获批仅历时6个月,被业内视为实现了“全球多中心研发的原创靶点创新药,在中国首报首发”的历史性突破。

然而,上线首发只是第一步。一款全球首创新药,从获批到患者真正用上,中间还隔着什么?这个问题的答案,正在成为衡量院外平台核心能力的新标尺。

一款罕见病新药的“中国速度”

2026年7月23日,国家药监局官网发布通知,通过优先审评审批程序,批准跨国药企武田申报的1类创新药奥普雷顿片(商品名称:奥泽悦®)上市,用于16岁及以上青少年和成人1型发作性睡病(NT1)患者。

作为目前全球唯一针对NT1病因的高选择性OX2R激动剂,奥泽悦®在全球多中心同步研发的背景下,于2026年1月率先在中国递交上市申请,并在中国率先完成审评审批,成为该药物全球首个获批的市场。从递交到获批,仅用时约6个月。这种在跨国药企全球研发格局中,中国率先递交申请(“首报”)、并率先获批上市(“首发”)的现象,被业内称为“首报首发”。

“一般来说,在以前,肯定大家侧重的是美国食品药品监督管理局,先把英文的东西准备好之后,再把它翻译成中文或者微调一下,再给中国递交,这起码也需要几个月的时间。”国家癌症中心药物临床试验中心主任医师李宁曾这样描述过往的惯例,“但是这次的药,首先做好的是中国的上市申报材料,向中国药监局提出了上市申请。”

奥泽悦®的“首报首发”背后,折射出的是中国创新药发展环境的系统性提升。

2026年是“十五五”开局之年,今年的政府工作报告首次将生物医药明确列为国家层面的“新兴支柱产业”。《国民健康“十五五”规划》进一步提出,全链条支持创新药和医疗器械发展应用。

从审评端看,国务院办公厅此前发文要求加快罕见病用药审评审批。国家药监局不断深化改革,依托突破性治疗认定、优先审评审批等多条快速通道,为临床急需、重大疾病防治、罕见病等创新药按下“加速键”。

从临床端看,国家药监局2025年《中国新药注册临床试验进展年度报告》显示,我国药物临床试验总量首次突破5000项,2025年国际多中心临床试验达410项。更重要的是参与深度的变化:奥泽悦®从Ⅰ期临床试验开始,中国研究团队就已同步参与。

武田中国总裁刘燕博士表示,“中国成为全球首个批准奥泽悦®上市的市场,是多方面条件共同作用的结果。随着中国市场在全球的重要性越来越高,从全球药企的视角来看,未来可能会有更多新药希望能够在中国先上。”

在京东互联网医院合作专家、成都市第四人民医院睡眠医学中心主任蔡晓看来,这一变化的意义不止于一个药。

“以前,前沿药物的早期临床研究不会选择中国。随着科研能力的提升和政策支持力度的加大,中国临床研究的能力已经进入国际前列。”她说,“中国患者能全球最早用上这个创新药,不用再等欧美批了再进来;这也说明中国的药品审评审批改革、临床研究能力和数据质量被认可。”

“对产业更是一个信号:全球创新药会更早考虑中国。”蔡晓主任强调,“这次全球首个批准,不只是批了一个药,它标志着中国在睡眠医学创新药领域,从跟跑、并跑,到某些点上开始领跑。”

一场认知与诊断的“持久战”

“医生,我控制不住要睡,咋办呀?”

在成都市第四人民医院睡眠医学中心,这样的提问并不少见。这不是懒惰,也不是意志薄弱,蔡晓主任说,他们患的是罕见病——发作性睡病。这个病的本质不是心理问题,也不是简单的失眠,而是大脑里管清醒和睡眠的开关出了问题。

“最核心的机制,是下丘脑里一种叫食欲素、也叫下丘脑分泌素的神经元变少了,1型患者尤其明显。”她打了个比方,“它就像大脑的’清醒燃料’,少了以后,人白天会突然犯困、秒睡,情绪一激动还可能猝倒。”典型表现包括白天过度思睡、猝倒、睡眠瘫痪、入睡前幻觉和夜间睡不好,但不是每个人五条都全有。

2023年,发作性睡病被纳入国家第二批罕见病目录。据北京大学人民医院呼吸睡眠医学科主任韩芳介绍,我国预估发作性睡病患者约70万人。目前我国确诊人数仅约为5000人,大量患者仍未被发现。

“它太会伪装了。”蔡晓说。白天犯困,大家首先想到的是睡眠不足、抑郁、贫血或打鼾缺氧;孩子上课睡着,容易被当成多动症、懒散;猝倒——大笑或情绪激动时腿一软摔倒——常被误认为癫痫、晕厥、低血糖甚至心理问题。“很多患者先到精神科、神经科、呼吸科、儿科来回转,转了好几年才转对地方。”

确诊也不是抽个血就行。蔡晓介绍,这需要靠详细病史、整夜睡眠监测、多次睡眠潜伏期试验,有时候还要查脑脊液里的食欲素。“这些检查不是所有医院都能做,尤其基层。”于是从发病到确诊,常常拖上好几年。蔡晓给出的数据是,平均8到10年。

熬过漫长的求医路,患者面临的第二道关卡是治疗。长期以来,针对NT1的治疗主要依赖对症控制:用兴奋剂从外面“提神”,或用抗抑郁药压住猝倒,常需多药联合,患者面临疗效不满意及长期管理困难的困境。

奥泽悦®的获批,打破了这一局面。它选择性激动食欲素2型受体,恢复因食欲素缺乏而受损的睡眠—觉醒信号通路。“就像给这个信号灯配了一把备用钥匙,直接去把清醒开关打开,让大脑重新收到’该醒着’的信号。”蔡晓主任说,“它不是兴奋剂,也不是抗抑郁药,而是直接冲着食欲素通路去的,更接近疾病的核心机制。不是根治,但方向不一样。”

但新药获批,并不等于患者当下就能用上。从获批到入院,通常还要经历省际采购、医院药事会等环节。而对罕见病用药来说,情况更复杂:患者分布分散、单个病种用量小、县域诊疗与用药能力不足。

有药可医之后,如何把药送到患者手上,成了下一道题。

打通“首发”后的最后一公里

要把罕见病新药真正送到患者手中,往往需要第三方供应链补位。

原因有三:罕见病患者分散在全国,单个医院的备货意愿有限;分子稳定性要求高;用药人群中相当比例不在省会城市。以奥泽悦®为例,该药需要长期、规律地服用。这意味着,对新药而言,“送得到”本身就是可及性的硬指标。

为了帮助更多患者找到药,京东健康上线“全球找药”平台,通过京东App搜索某款药品、搜索未果后,提交找药需求。收到需求后,由京东的工作人员定向沟通药企,推动相关药品引入与上线。在奥泽悦获批后,全球找药平台已有超过120位患者的咨询。

10月15日上午,奥泽悦®在京东健康上线。同一天,首都医科大学宣武医院、复旦大学附属华山医院、同济大学附属东方医院等全国近20家医院同步开出首批处方。

这种“同步”的背后,是京东健康在罕见病领域长达数年的深耕。

2021年2月27日,京东健康发起“罕见病关爱计划”,上线“罕见病关爱中心”,并联合北京病痛挑战公益基金会设立罕见病关爱基金。值得一提的是,作为奥泽悦®研发企业的武田制药,正是该计划启动当天的首批加入者之一。

对于医药流通平台而言,罕见病药品往往是“低频、高成本”的长尾业务。一位京东健康医药业务负责人曾直言:“可能一年卖不了多少,但有人需要,就一定要备上!”截至2025年底,京东健康可购买罕见病药品88种、特医食品35款;仅2025年,就有近3万用户通过平台购买罕见病治疗药品超过7万单。

能够托住这些分散且低频的需求,依托的是京东健康十年间持续投入的医药供应链基建:如今,其在全国布局40座药品仓、22个专业冷链仓,覆盖全国95%的区县;在超过400个地市的急用场景中,配送速度可以快至30分钟以内。这些日常积累,构成了奥泽悦®上市后快速触达患者的底层网络。

但对NT1这类需要终身管理的慢性病来说,药送到了,并不意味着服务的终点,而是长期考验的开始——用药后的随访、剂量调整、不良反应监测,谁来承担、如何持续?

面对这道长期考题,京东健康的上万名药师,成为患者身边的“长期陪伴者”。药师们不仅负责处方审核,还将服务延伸至诊后:开展用药指导、风险提示,收集不良反应反馈,并进行复诊续方提醒,帮助患者更安全、规范地完成长期治疗。

从“首报”到“首发”,中国跑出了罕见病创新药上市的“加速度”;但从“首发”到真正“用上”,一场关于可及性的长跑才刚刚开始。罕见病的终身管理,注定无法由单一平台独力完成,它需要一张覆盖县域物流、冷链温控、处方审核与长期随访的网络,更需要医院、药企、平台与全社会的共同接力。毕竟,让每一个“少数人”都不被放弃,才是“全球首发”最有价值的落脚点。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 更多全球创新药将考虑在中国率先递交上市申请。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 未来会有多少患者能够顺利获得该药物治疗?
  • 新药未来能否进入医保以减轻患者经济负担?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

Related Stories

Nearly 590,000 people were vaccinated against influenza and COVID-19 in Kaohsiung, reaching a new high
Urgent·

Nearly 590,000 people were vaccinated against influenza and COVID-19 in Kaohsiung, reaching a new high

Kaohsiung City’s publically funded influenza and COVID-19 vaccinations in 2015 were enthusiastic. As of October 20, a total of nearly 590,000 people had been vaccinated with both vaccines, setting a new high. The Health Bureau reminded that the second phase of vaccination will be opened on November 2, and called on high-risk groups to get vaccinated as soon as possible to reduce the risk of severe disease.

自由时报
2 min read
Health Network》Probiotics don’t just take care of the intestines! Study reveals Alzheimer's disease indicators dropped after 6 months of eating
Health·

Health Network》Probiotics don’t just take care of the intestines! Study reveals Alzheimer's disease indicators dropped after 6 months of eating

Wayne, a food and agriculture expert, cited a Korean study that showed that after elderly people with early cognitive impairment consumed three strains of probiotics every day for 24 weeks, their blood levels of pTau181, which is related to Alzheimer's disease, were significantly reduced, and their memory and visuospatial organization abilities were also improved.

自由时报
3 min read
Sino-Singapore Health|Doctors are being forced to sit still by the beanbags?
Health·

Sino-Singapore Health|Doctors are being forced to sit still by the beanbags?

AI assistants are becoming the "first stop" for many Chinese people to access health information, and frequently appear in the clinic as the "third person". Research shows that about 70% of doctors have encountered patients using AI to query health information in outpatient clinics. This has brought new challenges to traditional doctor-patient communication, doctor professional monopoly and consultation time.

中国新闻网
10 min read
Nigeria reports first case of Ebola imported from abroad! CDC: No adjustments to travel warnings yet
Developing·

Nigeria reports first case of Ebola imported from abroad! CDC: No adjustments to travel warnings yet

The first cases of Ebola virus infection (BVD) in Bandi Bugyo were reported in Kenya and Nigeria in Africa. Lin Mingcheng, deputy director of the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said that after assessment, the overall threat risk of the epidemic to our country is still low, and the international travel epidemic advisory level of the two countries will not be raised for the time being, and will continue to be closely monitored.

自由时报
2 min read
Striving for net-zero emissions in 2050, the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Environment jointly established the "Medical Sustainability Co-creation Alliance"
BREAKING·

Striving for net-zero emissions in 2050, the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Environment jointly established the "Medical Sustainability Co-creation Alliance"

In response to climate change and the needs of an aging society, the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Environment announced the joint establishment of the "Medical Sustainability Co-Creation Alliance" on the 21st, calling on more than 200 medical institutions and related units to promote the "digital transformation" and "green transformation" of my country's medical care and move towards the 2050 net-zero goal.

自由时报
3 min read
Early symptoms are easily misdiagnosed. These two types of blood tumors specifically target middle-aged and elderly people.
Health·

Early symptoms are easily misdiagnosed. These two types of blood tumors specifically target middle-aged and elderly people.

On the occasion of National Respect for the Aged Month, medical experts remind the public to be wary of multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic tumors, two types of blood cancers that are highly prevalent in middle-aged and elderly people. These two tumors have hidden symptoms and are often mistaken for aging phenomena. However, their incidence has increased significantly in recent years, and they have now become preventable and treatable malignant tumors.

中国新闻网
7 min read
More on this topic奥泽悦