福建省长汀县三洲村农民黄金养自1986年起坚持在红土地上种树40年,通过承包荒山种植杨梅和茶树,在政策支持和个人坚持下实现了水土流失治理,使全县水土流失率从1985年的31.5%降至2025年底的6.18%,带动乡村振兴和生态文明建设。
AI-generated summary
长汀县位于福建省西部,曾因水土流失严重而被称为“火焰山”,红土地贫瘠,山光水浊,农民生活困难。1986年起,当地实施“大种大养”政策,鼓励农民承包荒山种植经济作物,同时开展水土保持工作。
我是福建省长汀县三洲镇三洲村的一名普通农民。1986年起,我在家乡的红土地上坚持种树40年,别人都叫我“种树的黄老汉”。
小时候我们这儿的土是红的,山是光的,老百姓叫它“火焰山”。崩岗(崩坍山地)一道接一道,下雨泥浆滚下山,晴天红砂满天飞,老话说“山光、水浊、田瘦、人穷”,一点不假。家门口守着汀江,可土壤一流失,江里的水也不够用,种水稻时几个村常为用水闹矛盾。
1986年,我扛着锄头上山,种下三亩橘子树,但裸露地面地温太高,橘子收成不好。后来,长汀县实施“大种大养”,鼓励农民承包荒山。我早年学过裁缝、补鞋,后来给地质队打井,懂点红壤的“脾气”——土瘦,但层厚,肯下功夫就能长树。我主动找镇里,包下一片300亩左右的崩岗,试种茶树和杨梅。我们这一带是稀土红壤,别的作物长不好,茶树和杨梅应该有希望。
开头真难。先挖沟垒埂、种百喜草固土,再上灌木,最后才敢种树。头年种茶,一场暴雨把苗和土全推下山,几万块钱打了水漂。第二次栽茶,过了四五年才有收获。杨梅种植过程中也遇到不少麻烦。
转机出现在2000年。那一年,福建省委、省政府把长汀水土流失治理列入为民办实事项目,县里水土保持工作站按每亩给补贴,专家教我们“草灌先行、先固土后造林”。沿着这个路子,我的300亩崩岗上的红土慢慢固住了,杨梅终于挂果。后来我又扩种了,总共有900亩杨梅、200多亩茶树。
我的儿子黄阎海,原先在上海做动漫设计,收入还可以。看我岁数大了,回来照顾我,还建了40亩苗木基地,种桂花、樱花、罗汉松。人家叫他“绿二代”,我叫他“搭把手的”。
如今三洲村种杨梅的有上百户,全村有数千亩杨梅。镇里时常举办杨梅采摘文化旅游节,不少城里人开车来摘,我们的生活越来越好。长汀全县水土流失率从1985年的31.5%下降到2025年底的6.18%,“火焰山”变成了“花果山”。
有人问我图啥。我觉得,当年是“不把山治住,田里就没收成”,现在是山绿了、水留住了、果子能卖钱,儿孙辈愿意回村种杨梅,这样的生活才有奔头。
(作者为福建省长汀县三洲镇三洲村村民,本报记者刘晓宇采访整理)
养好土地 绿富同兴(记者手记)
刘晓宇
在三洲镇,黄金养带我们去看那片最早的崩岗。72岁的老人脚步很快,脚下的红土被雨水“啃”了几十年,如今踩上去却是实的——树根扎深了,土就“醒”过来了。
长汀水土流失治理经验之所以能走向世界,离不开几代人的接力、技术的攻坚,还有政策的持续托举。更重要的,是一个个跟“黄老汉”一样的普通人。
人民群众是干事创业的主体。黄金养是千万个愿意“跟着干”的农民缩影。政策指了方向,专家递了钥匙,但敢不敢把钱砸进红泥坑、能不能在没挂果的前几年咬牙撑住,是群众自己的选择。生态修复的确定性,来自“上下同频”,上面有“一张蓝图绘到底”的政策定力,持续攻坚小流域治理、崩岗整治;下面才有老百姓敢掏出积蓄、押上半辈子时光,把“要我治”变成“我要治”的决心。
在黄金养的眼里,治山不是牺牲,是双赢——你把地养好了,地迟早把好日子带给你。当“绿”和“富”相辅相成,当扎根田野能迎来丰收,建设生态文明便成为千万人主动的选择。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
长汀县将继续推进水土流失治理,力争将水土流失率进一步降低至5%以下
Likely · Within years
三洲村杨梅产业将带动更多农民致富,吸引外来人口返乡创业
Possible · Within years
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