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Back研究:致命腦癌存隱藏規律 癌細胞變化可預測
研究:致命腦癌存隱藏規律 癌細胞變化可預測
Health
自由时报1 hour agoHealth2 min readChinaView translation

研究:致命腦癌存隱藏規律 癌細胞變化可預測

研究團隊利用AI工具發現可操控調控因子引導癌細胞轉為侵襲性較低狀態

Quick Look

德國和英國聯合研究發現,膠質母細胞瘤癌細胞的變化遵循可預測的隱藏規律。研究團隊分析12位患者的腫瘤分子圖譜,利用深度學習工具「scDORI」找出影響細胞狀態轉變的調控因子,並證明操控少數關鍵因子可引導癌細胞轉為侵襲性較低狀態,但距離臨床應用仍有一段路要走。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

膠質母細胞瘤是最致命的腦癌之一,部分原因在於其癌細胞能夠改變自身的細胞特性,以在治療過程中存活下來。德國和英國聯合進行的1項研究發現,這些癌細胞的變化遵循著可預測的隱藏規律,此研究發表在《自然》期刊上。

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膠質母細胞瘤是最致命的腦癌之一,部分原因在於其癌細胞能夠改變自身的細胞特性,以在治療過程中存活下來。德國和英國聯合進行的1項研究發現,這些癌細胞的變化遵循著可預測的隱藏規律。此研究發表在《自然》期刊上。

根據科學網站《SciTechDaily》報導,德國癌症研究中心與英國威康桑格研究所的研究團隊,打算「從零開始」對膠質母細胞瘤展開研究。研究人員提出1個構想,他們能否假設自身對該疾病一無所知,並透過量化分析的方法重新建構癌細胞的行為模式?

擁有構想後,研究團隊分析了來自12位膠質母細胞瘤患者腫瘤的DNA、RNA及表觀遺傳資訊,建立了目前最全面的膠質母細胞瘤分子圖譜之一。研究人員針對圖譜進行分析後發現,癌細胞會依循特定的分子規則,在不同的細胞狀態之間轉換。

分析結果顯示,部分癌細胞呈現類似神經元的特徵,另一些則具有幹細胞的特性,還有一些會轉變成具有高度侵襲性的類似組織損傷反應狀態。這種細胞適應與轉變的能力稱為「細胞可塑性」(Cellular Plasticity),也是腫瘤產生治療抗性的重要原因。

研究團隊還注意到,不同狀態的癌細胞也會分布在腫瘤內特定的區域。研究人員利用實驗室培養的腫瘤類器官,進一步證實了這種分布模式。

發現隱藏變化規律後,研究團隊接著分析了超過100萬個取自膠質母細胞瘤患者癌細胞中的基因調控機制。研究人員運用一種名為「scDORI」的深度學習工具,找出會影響癌細胞狀態轉變的分子調控因子。其中部分調控因子具有類似保護機制的作用,能夠讓癌細胞維持在相對穩定的狀態,並限制其細胞可塑性。

分析結果顯示,只要調控少數幾個關鍵調控因子,就有可能引導癌細胞轉變為侵襲性較低的狀態。當研究人員提高的調控因子MYT1L的活性後,癌細胞的細胞可塑性及惡性特徵均有所降低。

研究團隊表示,該團隊一直假設,理解膠質母細胞瘤細胞背後的規則,就不只能觀察癌細胞正在做什麼,還能進一步改變它們的行為。而實驗確實證明,只需要操控少數幾個調控因子,就能引導癌細胞轉變為特定的細胞狀態。

研究團隊指出,藉由細胞圖譜及全新的人工智慧工具,團隊找到了新的調控序列,未來有可能在特定腫瘤環境中,誘導膠質母細胞瘤細胞轉變為特定狀態。研究人員補充,雖然此實驗具備深遠意義,但距離實際應用於臨床治療仍有一段路要走。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 研究團隊將進一步驗證操控調控因子在臨床治療中的可行性

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 操控調控因子後癌細胞轉為低侵襲性狀態的持續時間為何?
  • 此發現何時能進入臨床試驗?
  • scDORI工具在其他類型癌症研究中的適用性如何?

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