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Back中国科学家揭示日冕纳耀斑磁重联加热机制
中国科学家揭示日冕纳耀斑磁重联加热机制
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中国新闻网yesterdayScience5 min readChinaView translation

中国科学家揭示日冕纳耀斑磁重联加热机制

揭示纳耀斑通过磁重联加热日冕的物理过程,为日冕加热之谜提供首个实验室定量基准

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中国原子能科学研究院联合多所高校,利用SG-II激光装置首次在实验室完整演示了纳耀斑通过磁重联加热日冕的过程,为解决“日冕加热”这一天文学重大难题提供了关键定量基准。

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Why It Matters

日冕温度远高于太阳表面,这一反常现象被称为“日冕加热”问题,被《科学》期刊列为当代天文学八大未解之谜之一。帕克于1988年提出“纳耀斑”理论,认为微小磁重联事件持续加热日冕。

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中新网北京10月29日电 (记者 陈溯)太阳的最外层大气——日冕,长久以来藏着一道困扰科学界的难题:日冕的温度远高于太阳表面,它究竟是如何被加热到百万摄氏度的?近日,中国原子能科学研究院联合北京师范大学等高校及科研院所,首次完整演示了纳耀斑通过磁重联加热日冕的物理过程,为“日冕加热”这一长期未解的重大科学问题提供了首个实验室定量基准,对理解恒星大气中的能量释放机制及其对行星空间环境的影响具有重要的科学意义。

成果以“Laboratory demonstration of coronal heating via magnetic reconnection during nanoflares”为题,发表于国际物理学顶级期刊《物理评论快报》(Physical Review Letters)。

太阳的内部核心区约为一千多万摄氏度,表面已下降到约五千五百摄氏度,但日冕的温度却再次上升,回到了上百万摄氏度。1988年,帕克提出的“纳耀斑”理论,为日冕加热机制提出一种可能。他认为,日冕中无数微小的磁重联事件一直持续把磁能转化为热能,从而不断加热了日冕,但触发这些磁重联事件所需的微型电流片的生成机制仍缺乏直接验证。近年观测表明,日冕雨、日珥等环境中普遍存在瑞利-泰勒不稳定性(RTI),为微型电流片的自组织形成提供了候选机制,但在纳耀斑尺度上仍缺乏直接定量证据。

此次研究过程中,团队利用SG-II激光装置开展系列实验,通过强激光辐照调制靶,在实验室内产生了磁重联现象;通过光谱测量确定磁重联现象附近温度切实升高;通过数据模拟确认,人为关闭磁场产生机制后增温随即消失,进一步证实了磁重联是反常增温的主导机制。实验与分析表明,实验条件与日冕的无量纲参数相当,证明此类过程的累积加热可支撑日冕百万度高温。此外,该研究所揭示的磁重联能量转换机制和采用的诊断技术,也可为理解聚变实验中的磁场能量释放提供参考,在惯性约束聚变等核工业相关领域具有重要应用前景。

此项研究由中国原子能科学研究院和北京师范大学、北京大学、国防科技大学、北京应用物理与计算数学研究所、哈尔滨工业大学、内蒙古大学及中国工程物理研究院上海激光等离子体研究所共同开展,得到国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划、原子能院创新基金、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项及财政部稳定支持项目资助,以及北京超算中心的计算支持与神光II装置运行团队的技术支持。

太阳日冕加热之谜指的是什么?

按照常识,距离热源越远,温度应该越低。但太阳上出现了一个反常识现象:作为太阳大气的最外层,日冕离产生热量的核心区最远,但其温度却高达上百万摄氏度,远远高于温度约为5000多摄氏度的光球层(人类肉眼看到的太阳表面)。这种反常的现象就是日冕加热问题,它也被《科学》期刊列为当代天文学八大未解之谜之一。早在20世纪40年代,科学家们就从日冕谱线中,辨认出了高度电离的铁、钙离子,证实了日冕是百万度的高温气体。

日冕不仅是一团炽热的气体,它还是太阳风的发源地,耀斑、日冕物质抛射等剧烈活动,都发生在这里。这些活动共同塑造了空间天气,直接影响卫星、通信、导航等系统设备的安全稳定运行。因此日冕加热之谜也成为国际研究的前沿热点问题。

本次研究成果为揭开“日冕加热”谜题提供了首个实验室定量基准,也为空间天气基础研究提供了新的实验手段。在实验室里摸清日冕的加热机制,有助于摸准太阳的“脾气”,进一步提升空间天气预报模型的准确度,为相关设备预留防护时间。

Open Questions

  • 微型电流片在自然环境下的具体触发频率如何?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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