
德媒分析认为,尽管欧中就混动车贸易达成共识,但协议细节模糊,且未能解决根本性的产业政策与补贴问题。
欧盟与中国就混合动力汽车贸易达成共识,旨在缓解贸易战风险。德媒评论指出,协议内容模糊且缺乏透明度,未能解决中国补贴及产业政策问题,欧盟应利用此喘息期加强自身工业竞争力。
AI-generated summary
欧盟与中国近期就混合动力汽车贸易达成共识,旨在避免贸易战升级。此前双方在电信设备等领域曾有过类似协议,但执行情况引发质疑。
上周五,欧盟与中国发表了一份简短声明,称双方“就混合动力汽车贸易达成了共识”。《商报》发表评论写道,如果这项共识能够暂时缓解贸易战的爆发,那无疑是个好消息。但坏消息却是,我们并不知道该项共识的具体内容。这篇题为《欧盟只是得到了喘息机会》的评论写道:
“欧盟贸易事务专员谢夫乔维奇谈判后表示,未来四年,中国混合动力汽车的进口量将只是未达成协议情形下的一半。乍听起来,中方似乎做出了重大让步,但实际上这并不意味着进口量减半,而只是对布鲁塞尔预估进口增长量的某种限制。今后中国将向欧盟出口多少辆汽车,这又同当前进口量是什么比例,双方并没有做出进一步的说明。
协议具体内容不公开,绝不是一个好兆头。这不仅让监督北京履行协议情况变得更难,而且也给北京留下了按照自身需要解释相关义务的空间。回顾欧中双边以往达成的协议,让人很难抱持过高的期望。早在2014年,欧盟就曾接受过一项同样措辞含糊不清的协议,当时,欧盟放弃了对中国电信设备供应商华为和中兴施加反制关税的计划,而中方则承诺给予欧洲供应商诺基亚和爱立信30%的市场份额。但北京方面却从未兑现过这一承诺。”
《商报》评论认为,在中方没有改变其产业政策,没有减少补贴,在华外企遭歧视的问题仍没有得到改善的情况下,轻信北京会信守诺言,未免过于天真。
“不过,除了接受这份妥协方案以保全脸面,欧盟委员会其实也别无选择。毕竟欧盟并未做好同中国展开贸易战的准备。中国只需叫停稀土出口,欧洲工业就会陷入瘫痪。有鉴于此,欧盟充分利用此次妥协赢得的时间,才是至关重要的。德国提出的新型贸易威慑工具的建议,不应因此次妥协而不了了之。因为,再度同中国或美国爆发贸易冲突,只是一个时间问题。
更为重要的是,欧洲工业界应当大量生产价格能被民众接受的电动车,以满足欧洲市场的需求,从而减少对中国的依赖。政界无法解决全部问题,欧洲更需要有长远眼光和规划的企业。”
“对话与威慑并举的战略已经开始奏效”
《南德意志报》评论写道,中方承诺主动减少混动车对欧出口量,意味着北京首次公开承认欧中贸易的失衡问题。这是此次欧中北京谈判最出人意料的成果,同时也为避免欧中贸易战带来了一线希望:
“但欧洲人也不能因此就高枕无忧了。中国商品仍在潮水般涌入欧洲:欧中贸易逆差已经扩大至每月300亿欧元,但不同于20年前的第一次中国冲击的是,这一次涌入的不再是大众消费品,而是隧道挖掘机、机械以及性价比远胜奔驰的中国汽车。
中国的成功并不只得益于该国的创新力,也是严格执行既定计划的结果,该计划的最终目标是让中国成为经济强国。为此目的,中国不惜提供足以扭曲市场竞争的补贴,不惜人为压低人民币汇率,以及不惜制造出完全违背市场逻辑的过剩产能。欧洲人一方面要正视同中国的创新力竞争,另一方面则不能继续对北京的手段保持沉默。
欧盟的双重战略已经结出首批果实:同中国开展对话的同时,也要亮出强有力的新型威慑工具,如将中国排除出欧盟内部市场。这一招的确击中了痛处,因为中国依赖欧洲市场的程度绝不亚于欧洲企业对中国电池的依赖。德国也终于改变了一贯立场,从而为制定统一的欧洲对华政策铺平了道路。至关重要的,不能因为中国在混动车问题上作了一些让步,欧盟就开始麻痹大意了。”
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
欧盟将继续推进新型贸易威慑工具的制定。
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