
德媒《商报》与《莱茵邮报》发表评论,指出美国在中东的军事行动客观上强化了中国的战略地位,同时大众汽车及德国汽车业转型正面临严峻的中国市场挑战。
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德国媒体《商报》与《莱茵邮报》针对美国中东政策的全球地缘政治影响以及德国大众汽车的重组困境发表评论分析。
《商报》评论写道,仔细观察伊朗战局就会发现,美国总统特朗普的原定计划正在走向反面:他非但未能遏制中国,反而正在强化这个以终结美国霸主地位为公开目标的制度性竞争对手。这篇题为《伊朗战争 – 特朗普献给习近平的大礼》的评论写道:
“美国总统正在为终结美国的霸权地位提供助力,而伊朗战争就是这一进程的助燃剂。换句话说,从多个层面上来看,华盛顿都是北京最为得力的帮手。倘若特朗普真曾有过经过深思熟虑的战略规划,那么失败注定也是规划的内容之一。
首先,特朗普的石油账根本行不通。即便特朗普最终能够从伊朗体面脱身,并成功限制伊朗对中国的石油供应,其石油战略也难以奏效。因为,虽然中国的确有八分之一的石油来自伊朗,但中国早已建立起了规模庞大的战略石油储备。更为重要的是,这场战争造成的全球石油短缺,实际上就像是为中国绿色产业量身打造的提振计划,而这些产业如今已经在全球市场占据主动地位。
其次,这场战争还暴露出,世界头号军事强国竟然对伊朗这样一个地区强权也无能为力。当前的战况给美国的声誉已经造成了无法估量的损失。更为糟糕的是,美国已经发射了庞大数量的巡航导弹和其他导弹,以至于武器库存都出现了问题。留守太平洋的最后一艘航母‘乔治·华盛顿’号甚至也被调往海湾地区,而太平洋对美国的重大战略意义则是众所周知的。
第三,与此同时,盟友对美国的信任也严重受损。‘乔治·华盛顿’号原本承担着向菲律宾、日本和韩国等美国盟友应对中国威胁提供安全保障 Task。而现如今,为了继续维持对伊朗的军事压力,美国却不得不减少在全球战略意义最为重要的太平洋地区的力量部署。此外,特朗普最近还宣布,将‘大幅缩减’每年一次的美韩联合军演。他为此提出的理由堪称既冒险又短视:朝鲜领导人金正恩可能会将这类军演视为‘敌对信号’,而金正恩正是中国的重要盟友。
伊朗战争期间,美国在中东的盟友也同样意识到,美国在安全领域的可靠程度摇摆不定,其可靠程度甚至取决于特朗普总统每天的情绪变化。在此背景下,沙特阿拉伯、阿联酋以及土耳其等国已经开始寻求其他的替代性同盟,如麦加联盟。
特朗普的所作所为,都在释放危险的信号:这位总统倾向于轻易破坏盟友关系,而不是同盟友一起维护共同利益,其中也包括共同应对中国挑战。”
《商报》的评论指出,更为糟糕的是,特朗普无视国际法而对伊朗发动的战争,以及他本人同侵乌战争的始作俑者普京的暧昧态度,都会大大降低中国武力攻台的心理门槛。
“综上所述,作为西方世界的领袖,美国正在以过去几十年从未有过的严重程度破坏着国际政治的基本原则。据此,威权统治者们很容易得出一个结论:既然自由世界的领袖能这样做,我们当然也可以。美国总统所谓‘让美国再次伟大’的信条,其首要目标本应是遏制某大国取代美国的尝试,然而,美国在伊朗的冒险,恰恰起到了相反的效果。”
就大众公司出台的企业重组计划,《莱茵邮报》写道:
“大众汽车以及整个德国汽车行业的转型,实际上才刚刚开始。大众公司德国境内陷入困境的四家工厂未来何去何从,目前仍是未知数。同样没有找到答案的问题是,大众能否解决自己的‘中国难题’。德国汽车制造业的未来取决于中国市场,也取决于德国汽车能否竞争得过大举涌入欧洲市场的中国汽车。
在中国市场,燃油车几乎已经变得无关紧要。大众公司已经意识到了这一问题,但德国政界却仍在梦想着为燃油车续命。总而言之,大众以及整个德国汽车工业的转型仍处在起步阶段。”

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