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Back俄版「星鏈」投入烏克蘭戰場 無人機恐更難干擾
俄版「星鏈」投入烏克蘭戰場 無人機恐更難干擾
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自由时报20 minutes agoDefense3 min readChinaView translation

俄版「星鏈」投入烏克蘭戰場 無人機恐更難干擾

烏克蘭國防部情報總局指出,俄軍已開始使用國產「曙光」低軌衛星通訊,旨在提高無人機打擊精準度並降低被干擾機率。

Quick Look

烏克蘭軍事情報單位表示,俄軍已在烏克蘭使用國產「曙光」(Rassvet)低軌衛星網路進行軍事通訊,旨在使無人機打擊更精準且更難以被干擾,莫斯科並計畫持續擴大該衛星網路覆蓋範圍。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

俄羅斯先前在烏克蘭使用灰色市場取得的星鏈終端機,今年稍早遭SpaceX停用。烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基上週制裁10家參與開發Rassvet的企業。

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烏克蘭軍事情報單位表示,俄軍已在烏克蘭使用俄國國產「曙光」(Rassvet,暫譯)低軌衛星網路進行軍事通訊,旨在使其無人機打擊更精準、更難以被干擾。

「曙光」被稱為俄版「星鏈」(Starlink)。路透6日報導,烏克蘭國防部情報總局(GUR)聲明指出,俄國今年3月和7月分兩批,共將32顆Rassvet衛星送入軌道;儘管目前部署規模仍遠不及美國富豪馬斯克旗下「太空探索科技公司」(SpaceX)的星鏈,但是莫斯科計畫年底前繼續發射,擴大該衛星網路地理覆蓋範圍,逐步接近完整的低軌衛星通訊系統。

GUR發言人尤索夫(Andrii Yusov)表示,「俄羅斯正在烏國領土上空為軍事目的使用Rassvet衛星系統」,現階段衛星群數量還不足以不間斷地持續覆蓋烏克蘭,只有在衛星飛越相關區域時,才能間歇性通訊;不過,Rassvet或許讓俄國可與在烏國上空的無人機,進行雙向資料傳輸,使其偵察無人機能夠即時回傳資訊,操作員也能在攻擊無人機飛行途中調整航線,減少對事先設定飛行路徑的依賴。

這項進展可讓無人機因應目標位置改變進行調整,或繞過防空系統。尤索夫說,「長期而言,這可能提高俄軍攻擊和偵察無人機效率,並使電子戰及電子情報系統更難攔截它們」。

基輔安全專家齊恩采夫(Mykola Zientsev)指出,跡象顯示,Rassvet已對俄國噴射動力無人機的精準打擊產生影響,「在實務上,俄軍現在每天已有至少兩個高品質衛星通訊時段,每個時段超過1小時⋯⋯已足以帶來作戰影響」。

星鏈軍用版「星盾」(Starshield)可在烏克蘭運作,但俄國無法使用,之前俄國一直在烏國使用從灰色市場取得的星鏈終端機,直到今年稍早基輔成功說服SpaceX對俄國停用,是今年烏國戰場態勢轉向有利烏軍的幾個因素之一。不過上月烏軍使用該系統突然一度遭限速,妨礙烏軍攔截俄軍無人機的能力。

烏國官員一再對俄國打造衛星網路系統表達憂心,總統澤倫斯基上週制裁10家參與開發Rassvet的企業,包括負責統籌Rassvet計畫的俄羅斯業者「1440局」(Bureau 1440)。

俄羅斯聯邦安全會議旗下科學專家委員會六日才警告星鏈帶來的風險,敦促加速部署 Rassvet系統。1440局已表示,計畫在二○三五年前建立超過九枚衛星的衛星群。俄羅斯國防部和1440局都尚未回應這份報導。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 莫斯科計畫在年底前繼續發射曙光衛星,擴大地理覆蓋範圍

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 曙光衛星系統何時能達到全面不間斷覆蓋?
  • 俄羅斯能否如期在2035年前部署超過900枚衛星?

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