快递员上门“讨说法”是否越过合法边界?引发网友热议
一孕妇因取消订单遭圆通快递员上门质问致先兆流产引发热议。律师岳运生就快递员行为的法律边界、独居者应急措施、赔偿责任及行业考核规则等问题作了专业解读。
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孕妇取消订单后遭快递员上门质问导致先兆流产,引发公众对快递行业考核机制及消费者人身安全的关注。
中新网10月20日电 (记者 邸英轩)“孕妇取消订单后被快递员找上门质问,吓到先兆流产,圆通深夜道歉”一事引发热议。网友主要关注:快递员上门“讨说法”是否越过合法边界?独自在家的孕妇、老人或独居者遇到这种情况,第一反应该做什么、不该做什么?若因此产生就医费用、误工、心理创伤等实际损害,可主张哪些赔偿?除个案维权外,能否向邮政管理部门举报快递企业“以罚代管”“投诉即扣费”等考核规则,推动制度层面改变?对此,北京岳成律师事务所主任岳运生作了专业解读。
从法律上看,快递员直接到刘女士家门口急促敲门并情绪激动质问,至少构成对刘女士生活安宁的侵扰,并已造成先兆流产的实际损害。《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千一百九十一条规定:用人单位的工作人员因执行工作任务造成他人损害的,由用人单位承担侵权责任。用人单位承担侵权责任后,可以向有故意或者重大过失的工作人员追偿。如果快递员的行为与损害结果之间经认定存在因果关系,快递员所在的快递公司应承担人身损害赔偿责任,赔偿范围包括合理的医疗费、护理费、交通费、营养费、住院伙食补助费、误工费等。
网友如果独自在家,尤其是孕妇或者老人,遇到这种情况第一反应一定不要开门,保持物理隔离,隔门对话即可,避免当面接触、激化矛盾;然后可以录音录像,用手机记录门外情况、对方言辞和情绪状态,为后续投诉或者报警留存证据。如沟通后对方仍不离开,可向小区物业反映情况或者报警。如果因受到惊吓对身体造成损害,应及时就医并保留病历。
《快递暂行条例》第二十九条规定:经营快递业务的企业应当实行快件寄递全程信息化管理,公布联系方式,保证与用户的联络畅通,向用户提供业务咨询、快件查询等服务。用户对快递服务质量不满意的,可以向经营快递业务的企业投诉,经营快递业务的企业应当自接到投诉之日起7日内予以处理并告知用户。根据该规定,快递企业应当向用户提供业务咨询服务,不应将正常的业务咨询与用户不满意的投诉混为一谈。用户可以拨打12305邮政业申诉电话,或者通过国家邮政局申诉网站,申诉快递企业的考核规则导致自己的正常咨询被错判为投诉,进而引发快递员上门骚扰的问题,可能触发行业监管部门对快递企业内部制度是否规范进行调查。
快递企业也应通过这次事件吸取教训,严格按照监管规定完善内部管理系统,区分用户咨询和投诉,避免让这种不完善的、“进线即投诉”的管理系统损害一线快递员的合法权益;为一线快递员制定更科学、更人性化的考评制度和内部申诉制度,不要粗暴地以罚代管。
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