Breaking
TRLast minute earthquakes! Was there an earthquake? Where and when did the earthquake occur on October 13, 2026?ITFire in a mountain chalet, owner charred to deathRUAir defense forces destroyed 59 drones over the Bryansk region overnightRUMerchant ship comes under drone attack in Black Sea off Bulgaria — news websiteTRGold prices started the day with a decline: How much is gram, quarter and Republic gold today? Current gold prices as of Tuesday, October 13, 2026...TRWhen is the last day to apply for KYK scholarship? How to apply for a scholarship from the Credit and Hostels Institution?CRYPTO-TRBitcoin hit 81 thousand and returned, South Korea scared: “It may jump into crypto”ITGold price rising, Spot traded at $4,191CNTaiwan stock market overturns! TSMC leads 1,347 companies to sell down, and the index closes down 960 pointsTRNetanyahu's plan to attack the Houthis revealed: Prince Salman vetoedTRLast minute earthquakes! Was there an earthquake? Where and when did the earthquake occur on October 13, 2026?ITFire in a mountain chalet, owner charred to deathRUAir defense forces destroyed 59 drones over the Bryansk region overnightRUMerchant ship comes under drone attack in Black Sea off Bulgaria — news websiteTRGold prices started the day with a decline: How much is gram, quarter and Republic gold today? Current gold prices as of Tuesday, October 13, 2026...TRWhen is the last day to apply for KYK scholarship? How to apply for a scholarship from the Credit and Hostels Institution?CRYPTO-TRBitcoin hit 81 thousand and returned, South Korea scared: “It may jump into crypto”ITGold price rising, Spot traded at $4,191CNTaiwan stock market overturns! TSMC leads 1,347 companies to sell down, and the index closes down 960 pointsTRNetanyahu's plan to attack the Houthis revealed: Prince Salman vetoed
Back美國半導體去中化暗潮湧動? 最新報告揭「驚人真相」
美國半導體去中化暗潮湧動? 最新報告揭「驚人真相」
Developing
自由时报2 hours agoTech2 min readChinaView translation

美國半導體去中化暗潮湧動? 最新報告揭「驚人真相」

Quick Look

一份美國半導體產業協會(SIA)報告指出,雖美國晶片製造商直接採購設備與材料中中國僅佔1%,但按實際生產地計算則升至5%。中國在關鍵原料如鎵、鎢及稀土的全球供應中佔比超過85%,且美國半導體製造仍依賴隱藏在上游供應鏈的脆弱投入品,風險可能波及全球產業。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國多年來致力於強化本土半導體產業並降低對中國供應鏈的依賴,但最新報告顯示,若只看直接採購來源會低估中國在全球半導體供應鏈中的影響力,尤其在關鍵原料方面。

Font size

美國多年來致力於強化本土半導體產業,並降低對中國供應鏈的依賴。然而,一份最新研究報告顯示,若只看美國晶片製造商直接採購設備與材料的來源,恐怕低估了中國在全球半導體供應鏈中的影響力。《南華早報》引述半導體行業協會 (SIA) 稱,按製造國計算,中國直接供應給美國晶片行業的設備和材料約佔 5%,但中國對晶片製造所需的某些稀土的控制率超過 90%。然,美國半導體產業部分關鍵原料對中國的依賴程度,卻遠高於直接供應商數據所呈現的水準,部分甚至高達95%。根據美國半導體產業協會(SIA)最新發布的報告指出,美國晶片製造商每年採購近270億美元(約新台幣8586億元)的設備與材料,其中95%的支出流向總部設在美國、歐洲及日本的供應商。然而,如果改以實際生產地計算,這一比例便降至68%,顯示供應商的總部所在地,未必能反映真正的生產來源。報告顯示,若依供應商總部所在地計算,中國在美國半導體設備與材料直接採購中的占比僅約1%,但按照實際生產地計算,便提高至5%;東南亞的占比也從不到1%,大幅攀升至10%。SIA指出,供應商往往依賴總部所在國以外的生產鏈,因此僅根據企業註冊或總部所在地,難以掌握完整供應鏈結構。更值得注意的是,上述數據僅涵蓋美國晶片產業直接採購的設備與材料,並未納入更上游的原料及零組件,而中國在這些領域的影響力更加明顯。根據SIA統計,中國占全球鎵供應量約95%、鎢供應量約85%。其中,鎵可用於製造化合物半導體,鎢則可進一步加工成晶片製程薄膜沉積所需的化學材料。至於稀土,中國在釹與鐠的合計供應量中占比約95%,在鋱的供應量中也占有相近比例。這些稀土元素可用於製造高性能磁鐵,廣泛應用於半導體製造設備內部的馬達、機器人及精密系統。對此,SIA警告,美國半導體製造所需的設備與材料,仍仰賴隱藏在全球上游供應鏈深處的脆弱投入品,相關風險不僅影響美國,也可能波及合作夥伴國家的半導體產業。事實上,中國已對特定鎵產品、部分鎢產品,以及涉及7種中重稀土元素的相關產品實施出口許可要求。北京去年10月曾宣布更廣泛的出口管制措施,但已暫停實施至2026年11月10日,先前的出口許可規定則持續有效。在中國國家主席習近平上月赴美國事訪問後,白宮表示,美中雙方仍持續處理美國對稀土及其他關鍵礦產短缺的疑慮,希望恢復相關產品供應。不過,《南華早報》今年3月曾指出,即使部分出口管制措施已經放寬,美國企業仍面臨關鍵礦產短缺問題。對此,SIA呼籲美國優先儲備關鍵原料,並與盟友合作建立替代供應來源。該協會警告,部分材料的新產能可能需要10年以上才能建立,而新的供應商與材料要通過半導體生產驗證,還可能需要額外3至4年。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 部分關鍵原料的新產能可能需要10年以上才能建立

    Likely · Within years

  • 新的供應商與材料要通過半導體生產驗證,可能需要額外3至4年

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 美國及其盟友建立替代供應來源的進展如何?
  • 新產能建立及材料驗證的具體時間表是多少?
  • 中國出口管制措施暫停至2026年11月10日後,是否會重新啟動?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 自由时报.

Related Stories

AI "crossing the line"? The international community explores the establishment of "guardrails"
Developing·

AI "crossing the line"? The international community explores the establishment of "guardrails"

Multiple "cross-border" incidents in which U.S. AI closed-source models broke through isolation environments and invaded other systems exposed loopholes in AI security supervision. The United Nations Security Council and General Assembly have listed AI as a central issue. Secretary-General Guterres called for global collaboration to establish a multilateral framework for risk management. There are significant differences in the governance paths explored by countries. The international community urgently needs to formulate unified standards and strengthen security incident reporting mechanisms.

中国新闻网
4 min read
Forced by US chip ban! FT reveals Chinese company went shopping for millions of Huida eSports cards to modify AI
Developing·

Forced by US chip ban! FT reveals Chinese company went shopping for millions of Huida eSports cards to modify AI

Faced with the U.S.’s export controls on high-end AI chips and the lack of performance of domestic alternatives, Chinese technology companies have purchased more than 1 million Nvidia GeForce RTX series e-sports graphics cards in large quantities this year and built AI computing clusters through disassembly and modification. However, experts point out that this solution has problems with heat dissipation, energy consumption and computing efficiency, highlighting China’s dependence on advanced U.S. technology.

自由时报
2 min read
Get Apple first! Google’s new bracelet debuts first, with a 46% larger screen and repairability for the first time
BREAKING·

Get Apple first! Google’s new bracelet debuts first, with a 46% larger screen and repairability for the first time

Google released a new smart health bracelet, Fitbit Edge, on the evening of the 12th, positioned between Fitbit Air and Pixel Watch 5. The bracelet uses a color OLED screen, with a viewing area 46% larger than the previous model. It supports more than 50 exercise modes, heart rate, skin temperature, electrocardiogram and blood oxygen monitoring and other health functions. It has built-in GPS and 5ATM waterproofing, has a battery life of up to 7 days, and supports fast charging. Fitbit Edge is Google's first serviceable health tracker with a modular design and replaceable battery, but it does not support NFC contactless payment or calling functions. The product is open for pre-order in the US market and is priced at US$179.99 (approximately NT$5,800). There is also a Stephen Curry special edition priced at US$219.99 (approximately NT$7,000). The launch time in Taiwan has not yet been announced.

自由时报
2 min read
Under the wave of AI: Some people really make money, and some people are "harvested"
Developing·

Under the wave of AI: Some people really make money, and some people are "harvested"

AI technology has lowered the threshold for content production and promoted the creation of AI short dramas. Individuals can complete crew work independently. However, the rapid growth of the industry is also accompanied by problems such as a shortage of high-paying jobs and training traps. Creators need to be wary of gray industry chains such as "recruitment, transfer and training", and at the same time improve their capabilities through formal learning and community exchanges.

中国新闻网
7 min read
More on this topic半導體