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Back中國鋼鐵業虧損擴大!過剩產能加速出口 引爆貿易緊張
中國鋼鐵業虧損擴大!過剩產能加速出口 引爆貿易緊張
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

中國鋼鐵業虧損擴大!過剩產能加速出口 引爆貿易緊張

多家鋼鐵巨頭財報虧損擴大,產能過剩問題恐加劇國際貿易摩擦

Quick Look

中國鋼鐵業因國內需求疲軟及原料成本上漲,導致鞍鋼、宏興鋼鐵等企業虧損擴大。為緩解財務壓力,業者轉向海外出口,此舉恐加劇全球貿易緊張,並引發印度、越南等國採取反傾銷措施。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中國鋼鐵業長期面臨產能過剩與國內房地產需求萎縮的問題。企業為彌補虧損,傾向增加出口以維持產能運作。

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由於經濟成長停滯導致國內需求疲軟,加上煤炭等原料成本上升,包括宏興鋼鐵、鞍鋼在內的多家中國鋼鐵業者出現巨額虧損,財務壓力日益加劇,促使他們將更多產能向海外出口。但就像汽車製造商將過剩產能銷往海外一樣,這種因應利潤率下降的方式,可能加劇全球貿易緊張。

外媒報導,鞍鋼第3季淨損19.8億元(下同,新台幣97.1億元),較去年同期淨損8.76億元增逾1倍,光是第3季的虧損就與上半年20.4億元的淨損相當。該公司指出,鋼鐵業正處於疲軟週期,市場情緒低迷,供應過剩導致價格下跌;此外,煉焦煤及其他原料和燃料的價格也持續上漲。

鞍鋼表示,已採取進一步的成本削減措施,但這些措施仍不足以彌補採購和銷售價差收窄所造成的缺口。

由甘肅省政府控股的甘肅九鋼集團旗下宏興鋼鐵近日公布,第3季淨損8.13億元,遠超過去年同期的淨損6100萬元,並較上半年淨損2.16億元擴大。該公司第3季營收年減3.4%至78億元,上半年營收則為年增3.6%至161億元。

宏興鋼鐵直言,鋼鐵業供應強勁但需求疲軟,包括房地產和基礎設施需求持續萎縮,凸顯當前中國國內固定資產投資大幅下滑;與此同時,一些燃料和材料成本仍居高不下,且這些情況已經惡化,尤其是在進入第3季以後,因鋼鐵價格低迷而燃料價格波動加劇。

中國產能最大的寶武鋼鐵集團旗下的新疆八億鋼鐵,第3季由盈轉虧,由去年同期的淨利1.24億元轉為淨損2.2億元。該公司表示,鑑於國內嚴峻的市場形勢,將進一步「開拓」鄰近的西藏地區及海外市場。

長期產能過剩和國內需求疲軟助長中國鋼鐵出口,已成為與世界其他地區貿易摩擦的核心問題。為緩和緊張局勢,北京當局從今年年初開始實施新的出口許可證制度,商務部和海關總署聯合公布了近300種受管制鋼鐵產品清單。

此舉似乎產生了一定影響。中國今年前9個月的鋼鐵出口總量較去年同期下降2.6%。儘管如此,出口量仍然可觀,而且增速有所加快:9月成品鋼出口量達1049萬噸,連續第5個月超過1000萬噸。

法國外貿銀行(Natixis)亞太區首席經濟學家賈西亞-赫雷洛(Alicia Garcia-Herrero)表示,各國政府都在警戒中國出口產品的衝擊,鋼鐵、化學產品和電動車等產品都備受關注。

一些亞洲國家已經採取了防禦措施,例如印度對中國熱軋鋼捲徵收為期3年、稅率為11%至12%的防衛稅,越南則對中國熱軋鋼捲徵收高達27.8%的反傾銷稅。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 更多亞洲國家可能針對中國鋼鐵產品啟動反傾銷調查。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 中國商務部是否會進一步限制鋼鐵出口以緩解國際壓力?
  • 鋼鐵價格低迷週期預計持續多久?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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