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Back科研团队提出锂离子电池正极材料微量掺杂元素新筛选方法
科研团队提出锂离子电池正极材料微量掺杂元素新筛选方法
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中国新闻网1 hour agoTech3 min readChinaView translation

科研团队提出锂离子电池正极材料微量掺杂元素新筛选方法

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中国科学院金属研究所科研团队基于离子电荷密度和金属-氧键合强度,提出锂离子电池正极材料微量掺杂元素的靶向筛选方法,筛选出镁、钙、钛、锆四种元素,实现锂离子传输效率和材料结构稳定性同步提升,相关研究发表于《自然·合成》。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

锂离子电池正极材料性能提升长期依赖微量元素掺杂,但传统筛选方法依赖经验试错,缺乏理论指导,导致研发效率低且机制不明确。

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中新网北京10月2日电 (记者 孙自法)如何高效地为锂离子电池正极材料筛选微量掺杂元素?长期以来在学界和业界广受关注。

一箭双雕破解两大难题

中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心科研团队最近从底层物理化学机制出发,提出更有针对性的微量元素筛选方法,实现一箭双雕破解锂离子跑得慢和材料结构稳不住两大难题。

这项从微量元素物理化学作用规律出发的材料设计新策略,有望推动锂电正极材料研发从经验试错走向目标导向,加速材料设计范式转变,相关研究论文北京时间10月1日夜间在国际专业学术期刊《自然·合成》上线发表。

本项研究成果相关示意图。中国科学院金属研究所 供图

科研团队介绍,一块锂离子电池能存多少电、充放电有多快、能用多久,很大程度上取决于正极材料。为了进一步提升正极材料性能,研究人员通常会掺入少量特定元素。虽然这些元素的添加量往往只有约1%,却能起到四两拨千斤的作用——通过调控锂离子迁移行为和材料的晶体结构,进而影响电池的容量、快速充放电和循环寿命。

不过,这1%的元素,究竟该选谁?为什么选?不同元素又该怎么搭配?成为亟待解决的问题。

面对元素周期表中众多候选元素,过去的材料研发,在很大程度上依赖已有经验和实验结果,再逐一尝试、反复调整寻找合适的配方。这有些像乱炖,可能最终做出一道好菜,但究竟为什么好、不同配料分别起什么作用,背后的规律并不清楚。

两把尺子筛选四种元素

在本项研究中,科研团队聚焦实现锂电池正极材料的快传输与强结构,针对性提出微量掺杂元素筛选方法,一类元素负责让锂离子跑得更顺,另一类元素负责让材料结构更加牢固。

这两种作用分别与元素的离子电荷密度和金属-氧键合强度密切相关:电荷密度较低的元素,能减小锂离子迁移时受到的阻碍,让锂离子更易在材料中快速移动;与氧结合更牢固的元素,能增强晶体骨架的稳定性,使材料在反复充放电过程中不易发生结构破坏。

依据这两把尺子,科研团队从众多元素中,筛选出镁、钙、钛、锆元素,制备出四种元素含量均接近1%的协同优化无钴高镍正极材料。结果表明,在含量均接近1%的多元微量元素共同作用下,锂离子传输效率和材料结构稳定性得到同步提升。

电化学测试显示,该材料兼具优异的快速充放电、长循环和低温性能:仅需3分钟超快充,电量即可达到近80%;在6分钟快速充放电条件下循环350次后,容量保持率仍达82.4%。同时,采用该材料制备的5.74安时电池在-20℃低温下仍可实现278.6瓦时每千克的能量密度,展现出优异的低温储能性能,为寒冷地区新能源汽车和储能设备的应用提供了新的材料选择。

科研团队表示,这项研究工作为多元微量元素的选择建立可遵循的设计规律,让材料研发从依靠经验试,转变为有目标地选,为高性能锂离子电池正极材料以及其他功能材料的精准设计提供了新思路。(完)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 该筛选方法将被更多锂电材料研究团队采用,加速无钴高镍正极材料的迭代优化。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 该方法是否可推广至其他类型电池正极材料?
  • 镁、钙、钛、锆四元素的最优掺杂比例是多少?
  • 该材料在实际产业化中的成本和可扩展性如何?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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