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BackFAA新AI航管系統上線三天後全美航班停飛,通訊故障原因待查
FAA新AI航管系統上線三天後全美航班停飛,通訊故障原因待查
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自由时报19 minutes agoTech3 min readChinaView translation

FAA新AI航管系統上線三天後全美航班停飛,通訊故障原因待查

官方尚未證實停飛與SMART系統直接關係,調查仍在進行中

Quick Look

美國聯邦航空總署11月10日宣布擴大部署AI空中交通管理系統SMART至全美22座管制中心,3天後即發生全國航班暫停起飛事故。官方暫未證實兩者直接關係,事故導致超過1000架航班取消、近1萬架延誤,國土安全部長表示未發現惡意網路攻擊跡象。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

FAA於9月21日在華盛頓特區周邊空域測試SMART,聲稱協助180架航班調整路線,平均每架節省約10分鐘飛行時間及近80加侖燃油。美國政府先前已取得125億美元推動航管現代化,並要求國會追加301億美元預算。FAA亦宣布將在2028年底前淘汰400多處設施仍在使用的磁碟片設備。

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美國聯邦航空總署(FAA)11月10日才宣布,將採用人工智慧的空中交通管理系統 SMART 擴大部署至全美22座航路交通管制中心,沒想到3天後便發生全國航班暫停起飛的重大事故。FAA於美東時間13日下午3時54分(台灣時間為14日凌晨4時54分)下令,因空中交通管制通訊系統故障,所有尚未起飛的航班必須留在地面,已在空中的飛機則可繼續降落。由於新AI系統剛完成全國部署,兩起事件的時間點引發外界關注,但官方尚未證實停飛與SMART有直接關係。

SMART全名為Strategic Management of Airspace, Routes and Trajectories,由美國科技公司Air Space Intelligence參與開發,主要協助FAA分析航班流量及調整飛行路線。這套雲端系統整合約200種資料,包括航班位置、天氣、航路規劃及航管人員配置,利用AI預測哪些空域可能出現壅塞,再提出調整航班時刻與飛行路線的建議。不過,SMART並非直接操控飛機的自動航管系統。AI產生的建議須先由華府的FAA專業人員確認,再交由各地航管單位決定是否採用,飛航管制權仍由人員掌握。

FAA早在9月21日就先於華盛頓特區周邊空域測試SMART,官方宣稱系統已協助180架航班調整路線,平均每架節省約10分鐘飛行時間及近80加侖燃油。交通部長達菲(Sean Duffy)當時將這項技術列為美國航管系統現代化的重要措施。不過,導入過程也曾遭到質疑。代表全美超過1萬5000名航管人員的工會表示,並未參與SMART的設計、測試及部署,部分國會議員也曾要求FAA暫緩擴大使用,釐清系統測試與安全監督程序。

13日的停飛事件造成全美機場大規模混亂。根據路透社引述航班追蹤平台FlightAware的統計,事故發生後已有超過1000架航班取消、近1萬架延誤,連加拿大與歐洲出發的部分航班也受到影響。FAA表示,故障涉及多座航路交通管制中心的通訊設備,因此基於飛航安全決定停止新的航班起飛,國際航班則依個別情況處理。這也是美國自2001年九一一事件以來,繼2023年航管電腦系統故障後,再次實施全國性的停飛措施。

美國國土安全部長穆林(Markwayne Mullin)表示,目前沒有跡象顯示事故涉及惡意網路攻擊,初步確認為通訊系統異常,但調查尚未結束。對於SMART是否可能與故障有關,他坦言現階段不能排除任何可能性,相關單位正進一步檢查。另一方面,Air Space Intelligence已公開否認,強調此次停飛並非由SMART、旗下任何產品,或公司與FAA的系統整合所引起。《紐約郵報》另引述消息人士推測,故障可能與近期軟體升級有關,但尚未取得足以確認原因的技術證據。

這起事故也再次暴露美國航管基礎設施長期存在的老舊問題。FAA近年陸續推動通訊設備、航班資料處理及航管系統更新,日前還宣布將在2028年底前淘汰400多處設施仍在使用的磁碟片設備。美國政府先前已取得125億美元推動航管現代化,13日又要求國會追加301億美元預算。至於SMART是否涉及這次通訊中斷,仍須等待FAA公布故障調查結果,才能進一步釐清。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • FAA將公布通訊系統故障調查結果,並釐清SMART系統是否涉及此次停飛。

    Very likely · Within weeks

  • 國會將就航管現代化預算與SMART系統安全監督展開聽證或審議。

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 停飛事故與SMART系統是否存在直接因果關係?
  • 通訊系統故障的具體技術原因為何?
  • FAA調查預計何時公布結果?
  • 近期軟體升級是否與故障有關?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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