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Back共和黨在美國中期選舉中慘敗的五大原因
共和黨在美國中期選舉中慘敗的五大原因
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BBC中文yesterdayPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

共和黨在美國中期選舉中慘敗的五大原因

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民主黨在美國中期選舉中大獲全勝,取得國會控制權。共和黨失利的五大原因包括生活成本飆升、對伊朗戰爭不得人心、民主黨競選訊息集中一致、特朗普支持度低迷拖累共和黨,以及西班牙裔和黑人選民轉向民主黨。

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Why It Matters

民主黨在美國中期選舉中大獲全勝,取得國會控制權。現任總統所屬政黨通常在中期選舉中遭遇挫敗,但共和黨敗選程度被視為選民對特朗普入主白宮兩年以來表現的強烈否定。

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民主黨在美國中期選舉中大獲全勝,取得國會控制權。

雖然現任總統所屬的政黨通常會在中期選舉中遭遇挫敗,但共和黨今次敗選的程度,被視為選民對特朗普入主白宮兩年以來表現的強烈否定。

從選民的不滿情緒,到總統本人支持度低迷,以下是共和黨在今次選舉中失去大量議席的五大原因。

1. 生活成本飆升

美國各地的選民都在努力應付生活必需品價格急升的問題。在多場關鍵選戰中,選民的不滿情緒尤其明顯。

選舉前,一名北卡羅來納州選民告訴BBC:「汽油價格、食品價格,所有東西都在漲價。」她又表示,今次選舉已由原本支持共和黨,轉為投票給民主黨。

截至9月的一年內,美國物價上升3.7%,主要受到燃油及能源價格上漲推動。根據政府數據,10月初美國柴油平均零售價,已接近9月份時創下的每加侖6.52美元(4.83英鎊)紀錄高位。

選民調查數據顯示,近八成選民(79%)表示,過去一年通脹對他們及家人的生活造成嚴重或中等程度的困難。

超過六成受訪者將責任歸咎於特朗普,認為物價高企是總統的政策所致。

2. 對伊朗戰爭不得人心

物價急升的一個主要原因,是美國與以色列今年2月對伊朗發動的戰爭。

伊朗隨後採取報復行動,實際上封鎖霍爾木茲海峽,令燃油價格急升。這條海峽是全球石油及液化天然氣運輸的重要通道,封鎖令能源供應受到嚴重阻礙。

此後,美國選民一直要承受油價高漲的代價。

這場戰爭普遍不受大多數美國人歡迎。對支持「讓美國再次偉大」(MAGA)運動的共和黨人而言,戰爭也令人感到特朗普違背了「美國優先」競選政綱中的承諾。他當時曾保證,美國不會再捲入戰爭。

在一項選民調查中,約六成受訪者(63%)認為,美國對伊朗採取軍事行動是錯誤決定。

另一項調查則顯示,四分之三選民(74%)表示,這場衝突是影響他們在國會選舉中投票取向的關鍵或重大因素。

選舉翌日早上,特朗普承認戰爭是共和黨敗選的原因之一,但他在接受霍士新聞(Fox News)訪問時堅稱,為了阻止伊朗取得核武器,他別無選擇,只能採取軍事干預。

3. 民主黨競選訊息集中一致

今次民主黨能夠在全國各地大勝,部分原因是多名候選人表現出色,給選民真誠可信的印象,尤其是在傳統共和黨票倉。

他們的競選訊息清晰一致,集中關注生活成本和醫療服務的可及性。

前教師詹姆斯·塔拉里科(James Talarico)和牧師亞當·漢密爾頓(Adam Hamilton)也談及自己的宗教信仰,分別引起德克薩斯州和堪薩斯州選民的共鳴。

在南卡羅來納州,民主黨候選人安妮·安德魯斯(Annie Andrews)爆冷勝出。這名曾任兒科醫生的候選人,將醫療服務的負擔能力作為競選重點。在美國,許多人認為醫療體系已經出現嚴重問題,因此她的主張引起選民共鳴。

前公共衛生官員阿卜杜勒·賽義德(Abdul El-Sayed)在密歇根州勝出,成功為民主黨保住該州的參議院議席。他以「讓金錢退出政治,讓金錢進入你的口袋」作為主要競選口號。

在佐治亞州成功連任的民主黨參議員喬恩·奧索夫(Jon Ossoff),則以生活成本和貪腐問題作為競選核心訊息。

現年39歲的奧索夫,在這個曾兩度支持特朗普的州份輕鬆勝出,勢必進一步引發外界猜測,他會否在2028年競逐總統。

就連特朗普本人也讚揚民主黨,在接受霍士新聞訪問時表示,他們「表現出色」。

相反,部分共和黨候選人,例如德州的肯·帕克斯頓(Ken Paxton),則被批評競選活動表現欠佳,未有充分聚焦選民關心的議題。

4. 特朗普支持度低迷拖累共和黨

令選民最為不滿的兩大問題,包括物價急升和伊朗戰爭,都與總統本人有直接關係。

特朗普的支持率甚至在共和黨選民當中也有所下降,令部分曾在2024年支持他的州份,特別容易受到衝擊。

為了動員支持者投票,他呼籲選民想像自己也在今次選舉的候選人名單上。

然而,特朗普已是美國政治舞台核心人物超過十年,一些人認為,今次選舉結果反映他的個人品牌正逐漸失去昔日的光環。

在選民不滿情緒持續升溫之際,特朗普選擇讓自己成為共和黨競選活動的焦點,是一個冒險的策略,而且看來適得其反。

選舉前數個月的民調顯示,許多美國人希望特朗普更加關注他們對物價急升的憂慮。

但在周一(11月2日)於華盛頓特區舉行的最後一場競選演說中,特朗普卻花了大量時間,談論他身後具爭議的倒影池(Reflecting Pool)翻新工程。

5. 西班牙裔和黑人選民再次轉向

兩年前,部分西班牙裔和黑人選民轉而支持共和黨,協助特朗普取得決定性勝利。但在今次中期選舉中,這股趨勢似乎出現逆轉。

民主黨贏得德州與墨西哥接壤地區、三個以西班牙裔選民佔絕大多數的國會選區的全部眾議院議席。

該報數據記者傑夫·阿德爾森(Jeff Adelson)表示,這一轉變幅度超過美國其他任何主要人口群體。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 民主黨將在國會中推動與生活成本和醫療服務相關的立法。

    Likely · Within months

  • 喬恩·奧索夫可能會在2028年競逐總統。

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 民主黨具體贏得多少個國會議席?
  • 特朗普是否會在2028年競逐總統?
  • 伊朗戰爭是否會持續或升級?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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