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Back俄羅斯擬向美國增供柴油 專家:難紓解高油價壓力
俄羅斯擬向美國增供柴油 專家:難紓解高油價壓力
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中央社2 hours agoEnergy3 min readChinaView translation

俄羅斯擬向美國增供柴油 專家:難紓解高油價壓力

川普宣布與普丁達成俄羅斯供油協議,但專家認為難以有效降低美國居高不下的柴油價格與通膨壓力。

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美國總統川普宣布與俄羅斯達成協議,俄方將向美供應數百萬公噸柴油。然而能源專家認為,此舉僅屬油品重新分配,難以顯著降低美國及全球高漲的柴油價格與通膨壓力。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

自俄烏戰爭爆發以來美國禁止進口俄羅斯石油,加上美伊戰爭持續影響荷莫茲海峽航運,導致全球能源價格飆升。

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(中央社華盛頓10日綜合外電報導)美國能源政策專家表示,俄羅斯未來數月將增加對美國的柴油供應,但這項新協議恐怕難以有效降低居高不下的柴油價格,遑論紓解其他商品的價格壓力。

美聯社報導,美國總統川普9日宣布,他已與俄羅斯總統普丁(Vladimir Putin)達成協議,俄羅斯將立即向美國供應逾30萬公噸柴油,11月再追加50萬公噸,之後還會額外供應400萬公噸。

這項協議代表美國政策劇烈逆轉。自俄羅斯對烏克蘭發動戰爭以來,美國便禁止進口俄羅斯石油。如今美國與伊朗的戰爭已持續8個月,全球油價上漲正對美國經濟及消費者造成壓力。

近幾週柴油價格屢創新高,也推升各類消費品的通膨壓力。

美國汽車協會(AAA)的數據顯示,美國柴油每加侖平均價格在9月22日創下6.53美元的歷史新高。9日的平均價格也接近每加侖6.28美元,遠高於去年同期的近3.68美元。歐洲柴油價格也屢創新高。

能源政策專家9日表示,俄羅斯增加柴油供應,恐怕難以對美國或全球能源價格產生顯著影響。

專注能源與經濟研究的「能源政策研究基金會」(Energy Policy Research Foundation)資深研究員林奇(Michael Lynch)說,「這就像是鐵達尼號快沉了,卻還在重新排列甲板上的躺椅。」

林奇表示,「如果我們從俄羅斯取得柴油,基本上就代表俄羅斯原有的客戶拿不到這批柴油,他們必須另尋供應來源,因此價格基本上不會改變。」

白宮或許希望這項措施能紓解美國卡車司機、牧場經營者及農民面臨的柴油漲價壓力,但未必能夠如願。

林奇指出,「最樂觀的情況就是,紐約與紐澤西一帶,或許還有費城等地的柴油價格稍微下跌。這只不過是把柴油重新分配,並不會真正改變全球或全美的油價。」

哥倫比亞大學全球能源政策中心資深研究員史特諾夫(Daniel Sternoff)則表示,7月俄羅斯因烏克蘭無人機攻擊其煉油廠而宣布禁止柴油出口,如果俄方如今認為可以恢復出口,將有助穩定全球柴油價格。

然而,美伊戰爭持續影響荷莫茲海峽(Strait of Hormuz)的航運,導致中東一大部分的煉油產能無法供應全球市場,因此整體油價可能仍將維持高檔。

史特諾夫說,「柴油等成品油的供應量仍不到戰前水準的一半,因此即使俄羅斯真的額外向全球市場供應一些柴油,或許能稍微緩和價格壓力,但不會大幅降低油價」。

戰略暨國際研究中心(CSIS)能源策略師西格爾(Clayton Seigle)認為,儘管川普與普丁達成協議可能無法大幅降低美國柴油價格,但對俄羅斯有利。

西格爾指出,俄羅斯正試圖出售夏季規格柴油,轉而生產未來幾個月所需、適用於嚴寒冬季及北極地區的柴油規格。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 俄羅斯將於11月向美國追加供應50萬公噸柴油

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 俄羅斯原客戶將轉向何處尋找替代供應?
  • 美伊戰爭何時能解除荷莫茲海峽的航運危機?

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This article was originally published by 中央社.

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