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On 3 October 1990, with the annexation of the territories of East Germany to the Federal Republic of Germany, the division born at the end of the Second World War formally ended
The historic reunification of Germany
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At the end of the war in 1945, Germany, having emerged defeated from the conflict, was divided into four occupation zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the United States and Russia
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The capital Berlin became a symbol of this separation, as it too was divided into four areas of jurisdiction
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With the beginning of the so-called Cold War, the areas held by Great Britain, France and the United States formed the Federal Republic of Germany (1949), which also included the western area of the capital Berlin
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On the other hand, the Russian zone and East Berlin went on to form the German Democratic Republic (DDR). In 1961 the Berlin Wall was built, which physically divided the current capital in two
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Berlin thus became the emblem of a world opposed and divided into two blocks: the western one led by the USA and the eastern one led by the Soviet Union
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If the image imprinted in everyone's memory is the fall, in November 1989, of the Wall, symbol of the end of the Cold War, in reality two treaties formalized the end of the division between the two Germanys, signed 11 months after that historic event
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In this sense, the 1980s and the advent of a reformist leader like Gorbachev in the USSR were decisive. Even before the fall of the Wall, in the summer of 1989, Hungary was the first Eastern Bloc country to open its borders to a Western country: Austria
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On November 9, 1989, news broadcasts around the world broadcast footage of the fall of the Wall: the end of an era was coming to fruition.
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Faced with the mobilization of public opinion, the politics of the Federal Republic also reacted accordingly: on 28 November 1989, Chancellor Helmut Kohl presented a 10-point reunification plan to parliament
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At the beginning of 1990, on February 10, Kohl met Gorbachev in Moscow. The Soviet leader recognized the right of the German people to reunification
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On April 24, Kohl himself finalized the economic and monetary union agreement with Lothar de Maizière, prime minister of the GDR.
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On 12 September 1990 in Moscow the foreign ministers of the USA, USSR, France, Great Britain and the two Germanys signed the '2+4' Treaty which laid the legal and political foundations of reunification. The signing of the treaty was the seal on united Germany, which marked the end of a division that had lasted for over forty years
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The five Eastern Länder were thus annexed as new states to the Federal Republic of Germany, giving life to the Germany we know today
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