What is the Mecca Agreement and what are its articles? Which countries does the Mecca Agreement cover?

The giant alliance, signed and announced in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, covers a wide range of areas, from the defense industry to joint military exercises, from collective deterrence to technology transfer. Many people who follow Türkiye's agenda and Türkiye's international relations closely are wondering what the Mecca Agreement is and its articles. So, what is the Mecca Agreement and what are its articles? Which countries does the Mecca Agreement cover?

Article 1

"Parties" cooperate to ensure and protect each other's independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of internationally recognized borders. In case the territorial integrity, sovereignty and internationally recognized borders of any of the "Parties" are threatened or endangered, the "Parties" use all necessary methods to eliminate these threat(s) or danger(s).

Article 2

A foreign armed attack against any of the "Parties" is considered an attack against all "Parties". In the event that one of the "Parties" is subjected to an armed attack or military aggression by another country or group of countries, the "Parties" shall immediately assist the attacked "Party" by using all means of mutual assistance that they can provide to each other. For this purpose, the "Parties" decided on the scope and nature of the support to be provided following the objective evaluation of the assistance needed, in order to ensure the exercise of the right to self-defense granted by Article 51 of the United Nations Charter; They cooperate within the framework of their existing means, including military means and capabilities.

Article 4

The "Parties" hold regular consultations on international security issues. "Parties" continuously and effectively assist and cooperate with each other to develop individual and joint measures on the basis of common assessments in order to protect their vital interests and national security and to eliminate threats and dangers to their national security.

Article 5

"Parties" all forms of terrorism that adversely affect regional and international stability and security. and strengthen existing cooperation and joint efforts, including at the operational level, in combating its manifestations.

Article 6

In war and peace, "Parties" exchange personnel between defense institutions in order to improve their defense capabilities. They promote deployments and activities aimed at increasing the interoperability of the Armed forces of the "Parties" through joint training programs and exercises.

Article 7

In order to strengthen defense capabilities, "The Parties support technology sharing, joint technology development, joint production and cooperation between defense industry organizations in the following areas on the basis of mutual agreement.

Article 8

1. "Core Parties" establish the "Strategic Political and Defense Committee", consisting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Ministers of Defense and Chiefs of General Staff of the Parties, in order to give strategic direction to the common defence, to develop defense and security cooperation between the "Parties" and to address the obstacles that may arise during the implementation of this Agreement. The Committee "meets twice a year with rotating hosting among the Parties". "The Leaders of the Parties may meet once a year if deemed necessary.

Article 9

In order to deepen cooperation in the field of intelligence and to ensure the necessary coordination in this direction, the "Parties" will share intelligence through mutually agreed upon secure channels, respecting information security, data protection and confidentiality.