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Back駐英美軍基地遇襲陰謀非個案!MI5首長示警:伊俄加劇對英混合戰
駐英美軍基地遇襲陰謀非個案!MI5首長示警:伊俄加劇對英混合戰
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自由时报2 hours agoWorld3 min readChinaView translation

駐英美軍基地遇襲陰謀非個案!MI5首長示警:伊俄加劇對英混合戰

Quick Look

英國軍情五處處長麥卡勒姆警告伊朗正擴大對英國的攻擊行動,目標從異議人士轉向軍事設施,並指出德黑蘭與莫斯科雙雙加強攻勢,涉及陰謀、縱火及AI武器風險。

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Why It Matters

麥卡勒姆在年度演說中概述英國面臨的主要威脅,指出過去10年來MI5應對來自俄羅斯、伊朗與中國的國家級威脅工作量增加3倍,並警告伊朗正轉向更難攻克的目標如軍事設施。

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英國國內安全情報機構「軍情五處」(MI5)處長麥卡勒姆(Ken McCallum)13日警告,伊朗正企圖打擊英國境內的軍事設施,9月鎖定一座由美軍運作的空軍基地的攻擊陰謀,「並非個案」。他同時示警,德黑蘭與莫斯科正雙雙擴大對英國的攻擊行動。

美聯社報導,麥卡勒姆表示,德黑蘭正尋求強化在英國的攻擊力度,目標已不再侷限於過往那些反對伊朗伊斯蘭政權的傳統異議人士。這波行動包括對猶太會所的縱火與破壞;英國當局指出,這些攻擊皆由伊朗的代理人所為。

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麥卡勒姆指出,今年另一個「重大轉變」,在於伊朗的野心已轉向更難攻克的目標,例如軍事設施。他表示,針對皇家空軍費爾福基地(RAF Fairford)的事件「並非特例。世界上還有其他類似案例,不僅在英國,也發生在世界各地。」

在麥卡勒姆發表年度演說、概述英國面臨的主要威脅之際,反恐探員正持續調查一起針對英格蘭西部美軍駐用基地的疑似恐怖攻擊陰謀;該基地曾在今年的戰爭中被用於轟炸伊朗。

9月27日,大批武裝警察與軍方拆彈專家湧入該鄉村地區,基地附近數十名居民被迫撤離。警方隨後表示,在現場的3輛廂型車內發現大量助燃劑(汽油),但未發現爆裂物。目前已有7名20幾歲的男子被捕,隨後獲保釋候查。麥卡勒姆指出,過去1年來,總計已有超過50人因涉及與伊朗相關的陰謀而遭逮捕。

英國首相柏南(Andy Burnham)12日表示,這起明顯的陰謀「幾乎可以肯定」是由伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊(IRGC)主導。伊朗對此予以否認,儘管該國先前曾聲明,任何被用來攻擊其領土的基地都是合法的打擊目標。

事件發生後,美國已從費爾福基地撤出轟炸機。川普政府表示,美方認為該基地面臨伊朗的威脅,企圖盡可能殺害美軍並摧毀美國軍機。

英國官員目前尚未證實此說法。麥卡勒姆表示,迄今伊朗在英國境內仍利用層級較低的犯罪代理人,這些人缺乏發動精密大規模攻擊的能力。不過,革命衛隊在距離伊朗較近的國家,已展現更強大的能力,「因此,像我這樣職位的人若排除這種可能性,將是愚蠢的」。

在這場語氣嚴厲的演說中,麥卡勒姆主張英國正面臨「國家安全的新紀元」,其世代轉變幅度相當於4分之1個世紀前的911恐怖攻擊。他指出,當前國安面臨的無數威脅,範圍涵蓋「縱火、破壞、網路攻擊、脅迫、暴力」,甚至延伸至「網路演算法正在你家青少年臥室裡推送的內容」。

麥卡勒姆表示,過去10年來,MI5應對主要來自俄羅斯、伊朗與中國的國家級威脅的工作量增加3倍。他聲稱,俄羅斯與伊朗正加劇對英國及其他歐洲國家的「混合戰」(hybrid warfare)行動。例如,俄羅斯涉及多起攻擊事件,包括企圖在德國萊比錫機場使用裝載爆裂物的無人機,並正使用僅次於傳統衝突的戰術。

同時,隨著科技突飛猛進,人工智慧(AI)正在「強力推動」攻擊者與防禦者之間的網路安全攻防戰。麥卡勒姆表示,恐怖分子已開始利用AI進行偵察與攻擊,包括使用具備AI功能的無人機;更令人擔憂的是,AI具備改變現有甚至新型生物武器風險門檻的潛力。

演講結束後,他在MI5倫敦總部告訴記者,恐怖組織「非常渴望」取得化學、生物或放射性武器,但這些武器難以取得。「其中一個風險是,AI可能讓危險的知識,落入我們不希望其擁有的人手中」,「第二個、也是另一種風險是......AI可能生成以前從未見過的新型病原體。」

麥卡勒姆表示,MI5已成立一個全新的「AI威脅評估中心」(AI Threat Assessment Center),試圖超前部署應對風險;「人類歷史上從未有過面對比我們更聰明的行為者的經驗。它有能力超越我們的思維。這是真正前所未見的情況,理應獲得嚴肅對待,包括在軍情五處內部」。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 英國將進一步加強對伊朗代理人的監控與反情報行動

    Very likely · Within weeks

  • MI5的人工智慧威脅評估中心將成為國家安全戰略的重要組成部分

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 伊朗是否真的具備對英國軍事基地發動精密攻擊的能力?
  • 被捕的7名男子與伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊的具體關聯是什麼?
  • AI威脅評估中心將如何應對人工智慧被濫用於生物武器開發的風險?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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