Rising rental costs and lack of available accommodation are forcing workers into precarious living situations and hindering business growth in regional WA.
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Anglicare's annual rental affordability snapshot indicates that essential workers in WA are struggling to access the private rental market. Regional cities like Albany and Karratha face acute shortages.
Frances Thiele has moved seven times in the past 18 months.
Bouncing between share houses, the 61-year-old disability support worker has struggled to find an affordable rental in the regional city of Albany, about 450 kilometres south of Perth.
"There just isn't anything," she said.
"The cheapest place I found for one person was $500, and that's half of my week's wages."
In Western Australia, rent inflation is at record levels, with new research from Anglicare showing essential workers are essentially locked out of the private rental market.
Just one property across WA's two most populous regions, the Great Southern and South West, was within budget for key workers in health and childcare sectors, according to the charity's annual rental affordability snapshot.
Ms Thiele's precarious housing situation comes despite working full time.
"The job I do doesn't make money from people — it's not a job that'll ever be highly paid," she said.
Rising costs have forced her into shared housing, where she splits $850 a week in rent with a housemate.
"It's easier to get a big house because these are hard to rent out as no-one can afford them," she said.
"With two wages, it just makes it much cheaper for us."
No room to grow in the Pilbara
Further north in WA's Pilbara, employers say they are now forced to compete with mining and energy giants to find staff somewhere to live.
Clark Smith runs a small mechanical workshop in Karratha, 1,530 kilometres north of Perth and said accommodation shortages were stopping his business from growing.
"I could put three guys on tomorrow and not even make a dent in the work we've got," he said.
Mr Smith used any available option to house workers.
"I've put people in mates' houses … we've had people staying at the yard in caravans," he said.
"I've had staff houses, three or four guys in it, which at the end of the day, living and working together is not healthy either."
Karratha has been Mr Smith's home for 17 years and accommodation had always been a challenge.
"We lived in a van with no air con through a couple of months of the summer, wherever you could get," he said.
"In five years, we lived in 10 different houses."
Small businesses struggle to compete
Many roles offered in Karratha included housing and a car, something small business owners found difficult to match.
"All of them know that, at the drop of a hat tomorrow, they could go work for a company and earn twice as much and have a roof over their head," Mr Smith said.
"I can't compete; it's physically impossible to compete."
One employee of Mr Smith's was living in affordable housing, as part of a scheme supported by the City of Karratha and industry partners.
Mr Smith said the scheme was helpful, but it came with limitations.
"You're only allowed one per business, and if she gets a pay rise, they get kicked out of their housing because you have to earn under [a certain] amount," he said.
Other employees have had to move between houses or relied on relatives to stay in Karratha.
"I've got a 22-year-old who still lives at home … he doesn't have a choice," Mr Smith said.
"It's very hard to make this place a home because of the accommodation situation."
Perth homeowners who bought five or more years ago still hold significant equity despite a 5.7 per cent property value drop over three months, experts at an ABC Perth forum said, warning that job loss poses a greater risk than negative equity.
A New South Wales Southern Highlands retiree is partnering with not-for-profit Lydia's Legacy to host a tiny home on her rural property to address homelessness, but local and state government planning hurdles have stalled the pilot project despite state support for some housing reforms.
The NSW Community Housing Industry Association is urging the state government to adopt land tax reform, a rezoning windfall charge, and a 7.5 per cent levy on short-stay rentals like Airbnb and Stayz, measures projected to raise $26 billion over 10 years and support around 50,000 new social and affordable homes by 2050. The NSW social housing waiting list has reached a record 72,000 households.
Australian national house prices have dropped for seven straight months, falling 6.7% from their March peak. Property research group Cotality reports the decline is the fastest in 40 years, with median values now at $884,855 amid high interest rates.
Kim Weston is leaving her Brisbane suburb ahead of a 450-home development on her street, reflecting broader tensions as the Queensland government pushes to build one million homes in 20 years despite falling short of annual targets, workforce shortages of 20,000 tradies, and criticism over scrapping affordable housing mandates. Premier David Crisafulli cites federal tax changes as a challenge but reaffirms commitment to the goal, while industry and social service leaders call for a broader vision to address the housing crisis.

Guardian Australia's analysis of Cotality data shows mortgage repayments are now cheaper than rent in dozens of suburbs across Melbourne, Canberra, Darwin and Sydney, driven by falling property prices and rising rents, creating a rare opportunity for tenants to become homeowners despite higher interest rates.