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Back自由開講》選舉考驗我們需要什麼樣的NCC
自由開講》選舉考驗我們需要什麼樣的NCC
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自由时报14 hours agoOpinion7 min readChinaView translation

自由開講》選舉考驗我們需要什麼樣的NCC

美國期中選舉深陷AI假新聞與短影音風暴,台灣NCC也面臨人事懸缺與政治中立的信任危機。本文從四大面向探討通傳會的改革解方。

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本文由學者蔣榮先撰文,探討美國期中選舉受AI假新聞與短影音衝擊,並對比台灣國家通訊傳播委員會(NCC)面臨的人事懸缺與政治中立信任危機。文中提出NCC改革的四大期待:內容監理標準一致、人事案脫離選戰籌碼、保護電信個資不被濫用、民生業務免受政治僵局拖累,期盼透過透明治理與制度韌性走出困境。

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Why It Matters

台灣NCC近年面臨委員人事審查懸缺與政治中立性質疑,美國期中選舉也受到AI假新聞與短影音衝擊。

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◎ 蔣榮先

美國期中選舉登場,近日兩黨互噴大對決的火力已經開到最大,本以為選舉最大的攻防議題,應是經濟與生活成本,再加上人工智慧監管與能源衝擊,然而各種AI生成的假新聞,以及瘋狂短影音正鋪天蓋地席捲選民的眼球。

此外電視台與監管機構的躲貓貓遊戲,也不斷上演,由於聯邦通訊委員會(FCC)連番施壓,電視台為了避免電視執照被找麻煩,許多內容竟然不敢在電視上播,只敢放在 YouTube 上完整播出,讓選民在茶餘飯後嘖嘖稱奇,這被政壇與媒體酸爆是 2026 年最諷刺的「數位時代的言論自由」。

台灣NCC的難題,在選舉年最明顯,選舉期間,每一張罰單、每一次換照、每一份人事名單,都會被解讀為政治動作;人事一旦卡關,機關就停擺。NCC委員目前仍然面臨人事審查與懸缺狀態,行政院強調NCC是獨立機關,不應讓業務停擺,在野黨立法委員則強調會嚴格審查,確保被提名人不是執政黨打手。NCC不能只讓執政黨支持者相信它是獨立機關,更必須讓在野黨支持者、中間選民,以及不同立場的媒體,都能夠接受它的監理決策。

台灣NCC每逢選舉期間,每一張罰單、每一次換照、每一次人事名單,都會被解讀為政治動作。(資料照)

其實台灣民眾一直對NCC最不滿意的,並不是它的行政效率,而是它能不能維持政治中立,以及是否公平地監理所有媒體。

筆者從近年實際案例觀察,選民對NCC的期待可歸納為四點:

一、內容監理要用同一把尺

2020年11月,NCC決議不予中天新聞台換照,當時台灣民意基金會調查,約三分之二民眾不相信NCC不受政治干預。到了這次的人事審查會,在野立委仍質疑NCC當年對韓流報導開罰,卻未同樣看待吹捧其他政治人物的節目。

但另一方面,NCC也曾以違反事實查證原則,同時處分三立、TVBS與中天,可見爭議不在單一案件,而在標準能否被看見、被比較。選舉期間的內容處分,應公開裁量基準與歷年同類案件對照,處分書與委員不同意見書全文公開等作法。

中天電視台撤照爭議之民意反應。(取自台灣民意基金會)

二、人事案不應成為選戰籌碼

在野黨稱行政院在2025年大罷免期間壓住NCC提名,以致不論4位提名人之專業程度,無差別在11月遭全數否決。此次行政院7月提名7人,8月1日NCC成立以來首度零委員。 審查時距九合一投票僅一個多月,結果提名遲、審查急、選舉近,人事案幾乎註定政治化,如何避免選前出現零委員真空,考驗政治人物的智慧。

三、通訊資料不能被濫用

電信資料是否被用於政治分析,正是選民最敏感的問題,因電信之數位足跡幾乎可以清楚掌握特定人士在某些活動時參與者輪廓,手機只要開機,就會不斷與基地台交換信令資料,在AI演算法交叉比對下,即便資料經過去識別化,依然能精準描繪出特定集會參與者的群體輪廓,這正是選民對數位老大哥最深的隱憂,易引發民眾對個資之疑慮。在電信法規中明確規範位置與信令資料不得用於政黨或選舉分析;但NCC因委員不足法定人數,導致無法裁處。故涉及個資與選舉公正的案件,應列為委員人數不足時仍可處理的優先範圍。

在AI演算法交叉比對下,即便資料經過去識別化,依然能精準描繪出特定集會參與者的群體輪廓;示意圖。(法新社)

四、民生業務不能被拖累

NCC零委員僵局後,累積逾700件案件待審案,包括廣電換照與節目內容核處,先前新款iPhone恐無法上市的說法事後未成真,反傷機關信用;其實現代科技監理必須落實「技術行政」與「內容監理」分流,廣電換照與節目裁罰需合議制把關,但設備審驗、電信打詐等標準化業務,應直接授權常任文官與專業機構執行。NCC當務之急是建立制度韌性,並每月定期公開受阻案件的數據儀表板,用透明治理取代政治口水。

根據政治學者、政策分析機構及主流媒體的觀察,近年來台灣政治最大的死結是黨派極化與隨之而來的國會僵局,有識之士擔憂這種極化現象不僅僅是政策理念的分歧,而是演變成一種部落主義式的對立,導致多項攸關國家發展的重大議題長期難以達成共識。特別是,當否決政治常態化,最終導致公眾對政府機構中立性的信任度大幅下滑。

以有250年歷史的美國為例,兩黨在20年前也是對氣候變遷與能源政策產生分歧意見,經過多年來的對話,已經共識成強調能源獨立,與清潔能源轉型這樣的務實做法。換成白話文來說,天下沒有解不開的政策死結。

美國兩黨在20年前也是對氣候變遷與能源政策產生分歧意見,經過多年來的對話,已經共識成強調能源獨立,與清潔能源轉型這樣的務實做法。圖為美國期中選舉投票情形。(美聯社)

當代社群媒體正加劇了社會資訊的分裂,選民只接收符合自己立場的資訊,進一步加深了對對立陣營的仇恨與不信任,這樣的後果絕非社會公眾所樂見。選民期待的NCC,是在選舉季依然能運作、處分標準可以預期、選後若換對手執政也能接受的機關。也唯有防停擺與防武器化同時法制化,NCC才可能走出選舉週期的困境。

Open Questions

  • NCC委員人事懸缺何時能獲得立法院解決?
  • 未來如何有效防範電信資料被用於政治分析?

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