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BackPCB「半導體化」 引爆2027年供應鏈商機
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自由时报33 minutes agoBusiness4 min readChinaView translation

PCB「半導體化」 引爆2027年供應鏈商機

統一證券投顧總經理廖婉婷觀察:供給端卡住抑制需求成長,台股2027年本益比跌至14倍以下,PCB供需將全面吃緊

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台股一個月內下跌超過7000點,AI需求強勁但供給端卡住導致報價上漲,台股2027年本益比修正至14倍以下。作者觀察TPCA SHOW指出,2027年PCB供需將全面吃緊,玻璃基板量產最快待2028-2029年,中小台廠將受惠於AI成長黃金期。

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Why It Matters

10月底TPCA SHOW結束後,台股迎來2026年第二次一個月內下跌超過7000點的情況。AI需求強勁導致資本支出、晶片、機櫃、電力系統與零組件需求不斷上修,但供給端卡住,使所有產品報價上漲,包括融資成本。

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10月底TPCA SHOW剛結束,台股立即迎來2026年的第二次:一個月內下跌超過7,000點。照理說,AI將造就第四次工業革命,長線發展趨勢正向,但就因為需求太強勁,導致2026年不斷上修的資本支出、AI晶片、機櫃、電力系統與零組件需求,供給端卡住,使所有產品報價上漲,包括融資成本!!!供給卡住,將抑制需求成長的速度,過往年底的作夢行情轉而看似走向噩夢。然觀察四大雲端大廠CSP財報與展望,AI需求依舊強勁,股市走的是一個擔心供給瓶頸,導致2027年需求開不出來的估值修正,時至截稿日,從Bloomberg上看台股2027年本益比已修正至14倍以下,估值落入AI時代以來的最低點。若擔憂的情緒能找到合理的邏輯解答,則有機會重新吸引資金回流。因此,在行情回檔之際,關注產業發展趨勢,再擇機佈局仍是投資人重要功課。

直擊先進封裝與材料革命 玻璃基板量產仍待2028

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筆者從本次TPCA SHOW歸納出四大參展重點:先進封裝與異質整合、玻璃基板關鍵技術、基板高階材料升級、PCB大厚板設計。四大重點中,僅玻璃基板關鍵技術,導入載板核心層的技術,最快要2028-2029年以後才會看見,屬於仍在技術突破的挑戰期。

目前台股2027年預估PE已回落至14倍以下歷史低位,反映情緒面修正已相對充分,產業長期成長格局未變。(資料照)

而先進封裝與異質整合,就是欣興與台光電在提的PCB 半導體化的關鍵。過去單晶片透過半導體製程微縮,當製程面臨物理極限,透過封裝技術,將記憶體與晶片結合,走向2.5D晶片架構;未來CPO世代,光引擎再拉近與主晶片整合,系統級晶片的「異質整合」,更如同巨無霸戰車。系統級晶片,IC載板在封裝製程中扮演重要角色,也使欣興董事長簡山傑先生喊出,2028年PCB載板面積將較2020年以前高階晶片的載板面積成長逾9倍!! 預期2027年載板及相關材料與設備,交期仍緊張。

而基板高階材料升級,2026年底各大AI新平台,包括:輝達Vera Rubin、Google TPUv8、AWS Trn3及微軟Maia300,在高速傳輸與極低損耗訴求下,加速卡PCB或交換器PCB已全面升級M8等級材料,輝達LPU機櫃更首度採用M9等級材料搭載Q布。過去經驗,輝達及ASIC晶片設計,將於1年前開始討論下一代產品設計,輝達更拋出採用PTFE設計下一代Rubin Ultra中的PCB。為筆者走訪TPCA SHOW,業者普遍認為,材料電性優異,但做成PCB的加工難度高,良率極低,輝達最終將直接採用M10等級材料。但PCB材料(銅箔基板)規格升級的議題,在2H27~2028將再出現一次大躍進。

PCB大厚板設計,起因於模組化晶片,巨型晶片需要布局更多線路,因此,載板用量倍增,PCB也同樣面臨板層數增加(22-36層,往40~50層設計),或調整製程走向HDI/mSAP製程,增加佈線空間。PCB大厚板製造,或製程導入HDI,除玻纖布、銅箔需求成長外,背鑽機與雷鑽機需求增加,也同步發生。

2027年PCB供需全面吃緊 中小台廠雨露均霑

總結而言,2027年在AI基礎設施持續興建的狀態下,PCB供應鏈將是既HBM外,供需最緊張的一塊零組件。綜合 TPCA Show 的第一線觀察,台灣PCB與半導體供應鏈憑藉強大的製造工藝、微細線路良率、先進異質整合能力,以及從玻纖紗/布、樹脂、銅箔到 CCL 與載板的完整垂直整合體系,正在全球建構出不可替代的PCB TEAM TAIWAN生態系。再者,從前述四大參展重點中,衍伸出很多中小型企業,包括設備、耗材、特化等,也受惠於PCB半導體化商機,跟隨台灣科技業一起享受AI成長的黃金期。

(作者為統一證券投顧公司總經理)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 2027年PCB供需將全面吃緊,成為HBM外供需最緊張的零組件

    Likely · Within months

  • 玻璃基板量產最快待2028-2029年才會實現

    Possible · Within years

  • 2027年載板及相關材料與設備交期仍將緊張

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 供給瓶頸何時能夠緩解?
  • 玻璃基板量產具體時間表是否會提前?
  • 台股何時能重新吸引資金回流?

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