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BackSK海力士規劃3D DRAM技術,外界關注與台積電合作擴大可能性
SK海力士規劃3D DRAM技術,外界關注與台積電合作擴大可能性
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自由时报38 minutes agoTech2 min readChina

SK海力士規劃3D DRAM技術,外界關注與台積電合作擴大可能性

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SK海力士提出將DRAM記憶體單元與周邊電路分離製造,再透過3D堆疊整合的下一代3D DRAM技術路線,其中周邊電路將導入先進邏輯晶圓代工製程。外界聚焦公司是否將現有HBM4合作模式擴大至3D DRAM領域,但業界分析指出目前外部晶圓代工合作可能性偏低,除非產品進度落後競爭對手。

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Why It Matters

SK海力士已在第六代高頻寬記憶體(HBM4)中採用台積電先進邏輯製程,此次提出將DRAM記憶體單元與周邊電路分離製造的3D技術路線,旨在分別採用最適合的製程以優化效能與功耗。

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SK海力士積極布局下一代3D DRAM,最新技術路線顯示,公司計畫將負責資料儲存的DRAM記憶體單元,與負責資料輸入輸出的周邊電路分開製造,再透過3D堆疊技術整合,其中周邊電路將導入先進邏輯晶圓代工製程。由於SK海力士目前已在第六代高頻寬記憶體(HBM)HBM4採用台積電先進邏輯製程,外界關注未來雙方是否進一步擴大合作。《朝鮮日報》報導,韓國半導體業界週二(15日)消息指出,SK海力士於8日舉行的「2026 Future Forum」提出下一代3D技術主要方向,包括最大化資料匯流排寬度、超短距離傳輸,以及以邏輯晶圓代工製程製造DRAM周邊電路。目前DRAM主要由儲存資料的記憶體單元,以及負責資料讀寫、定址與輸入輸出的周邊電路組成,過去通常在同一套DRAM製程中完成。不過,兩者對製程的要求不同,記憶體製程重視在有限面積內可靠儲存大量資料,邏輯製程則強調高速運算與電源效率,因此若採單一製程,可能限制兩者各自最佳化的空間。SK海力士提出的「邏輯晶圓代工化」概念,就是將DRAM周邊電路從記憶體單元中分離,分別採用最適合的製程,再透過3D堆疊與細間距鍵合技術連接。但這並不代表SK海力士會將整個DRAM製造流程外包給晶圓代工廠,而是針對不同功能採取不同製程。隨著人工智慧(AI)加速器處理的資料量快速增加,記憶體效能已不只是容量問題,資料能否以更快速度、在更低功耗下傳送至運算單元,也成為影響整體系統效能的關鍵。這也是SK海力士將資料匯流排寬度、傳輸距離及邏輯製程列為3D技術重點的原因。事實上,SK海力士與台積電的記憶體、邏輯製程合作已經在HBM4落地。SK海力士在HBM3E(第五代HBM)以前,基礎晶粒(base die)主要採自有製程,但從HBM4(第六代HBM)開始改採台積電先進邏輯製程,雙方並於2024年正式確立HBM4開發及下一代封裝技術合作。HBM是將多個DRAM晶粒垂直堆疊,並透過最底部的基礎晶粒與GPU等運算單元交換資料。隨著HBM世代演進,基礎晶粒控制功能日益複雜,加上客戶對客製化功能需求增加,使先進邏輯製程的重要性持續提高。SK海力士今年4月也在台積電北美技術研討會上,將記憶體與邏輯技術整合列為下一代記憶體發展方向,並表示相關技術將從HBM4進一步擴展至客製化HBM、高頻寬快閃記憶體(HBF),以及「邏輯上的3D堆疊DRAM」。不過報導指出,外界目前仍不能直接解讀為SK海力士將把3D DRAM的邏輯部分交給台積電。韓國產業經濟與貿易研究院(KIET)研究委員金良彭(Kim Yang-paeng,音譯)指出,目前3D DRAM擴大與外部晶圓代工廠合作的可能性仍偏低;但若SK海力士未來產品上市進度落後競爭對手,外部晶圓代工合作的可能性就可能提高。金良彭表示,外部晶圓代工廠可以在內部開發速度不足時,成為縮短開發時間、加快技術進展的選項。三星電子與SK海力士過去也持續發展結合記憶體與系統功能的技術,例如將運算功能整合進記憶體的「記憶體內運算」(PIM)。相較於同時擁有記憶體與晶圓代工業務的三星電子,SK海力士可以視需求採用外部晶圓代工廠。不過,分析師認為,目前仍難斷言哪種模式更有利於下一代DRAM開發,最終仍取決於不同產品的開發結果與時程。金良彭指出,原本具有優勢的模式,後續也可能成為限制,因此這並非單純「記憶體與晶圓代工界線模糊化」,而是記憶體廠商在有需要時選擇利用晶圓代工資源的新模式。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • SK海力士將在未來產品進度落後時考慮擴大與台積電的晶圓代工合作

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • SK海力士是否將把3D DRAM的邏輯部分外包給台積電?
  • 此項技術何時可進入量產階段?
  • 與台積電的合作是否會擴展至其他記憶體產品線?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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