
美國退出WHO後,中國積極擴大影響力,但承諾的5億美元金援實際撥款情況難以核實
美國退出WHO後,中國承諾未來5年提供5億美元金援,但近17個月過去,公開資料無法核實具體履約金額。同時,WHO因資金壓力裁減逾2000名員工並削減預算。
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美國於2025年1月正式退出WHO,導致該組織失去最大資金捐助國。中國隨後承諾提供5億美元金援以擴大影響力。
美國退出世界衛生組織(WHO)後,中國積極擴大在該組織的影響力,不僅正式提名公衛官員宋莉角逐秘書長,北京去年5月更曾高調宣布,未來5年將額外提供WHO 5億美元(約台幣159億)。然而,近17個月過去,這筆金援究竟兌現多少?目前公開資料仍無法直接核實履約金額。
美國總統川普2025年1月20日上任當天,即簽署行政命令啟動退出WHO程序,美國並於今年1月22日宣布正式退出。美國衛生部副部長歐尼爾(Jim O'Neill)當時更痛批WHO失去應有功能,指台灣早在2019年底就曾針對武漢不明肺炎向WHO提出警示,但WHO卻忽視台灣的聲音,錯失防疫先機。不過,WHO對此說法持不同立場,強調當時已依掌握的疫情資訊採取通報及應變措施。
隨著美國退出,WHO失去長期最大資金捐助國,加上其他國家削減援助,財務壓力急遽升高。根據朝鮮日報7日披露,WHO不僅裁減超過2000名員工,還撤銷約1280個職位。WHO將2026至2027年的基本預算削減21%,從53億美元下修至42億美元,總部部門也從76個整併至34個,高階主管人數則由14人減至7人。
根據路透去年11月取得的WHO內部文件,該組織2025年1月共有9401名員工,截至今年6月,因裁員及自願離職等因素,減少2371人。現任WHO秘書長譚德塞當時在致員工的訊息中坦言,2025年是「WHO歷史上最艱難的年份之一」。
就在WHO面臨資金危機之際,中國國務院副總理劉國中曾在2025年5月20日世界衛生大會宣布,未來5年將額外向WHO提供5億美元,支持全球公共衛生合作。不過,這筆5億美元並非全數為法定會費以外的新增自願捐款。中國駐日內瓦代表團當時解釋,資金包含增加的法定會費、自願捐款,以及透過全球發展和南南合作基金提供的專案支持,但未公布各項資金的具體分配金額。
值得注意的是,WHO在2025年5月20日公布的募款公告中,明確列出瑞士承諾8000萬美元、瑞典1350萬美元、卡達600萬美元,但中國對該募款計畫的投入金額,卻標示為「有待確認」。
WHO雖另有法定會費及自願捐款紀錄,也未提供可直接對應整筆承諾的完整履約表。因此,北京究竟已兌現多少,仍無法僅憑現有公開資料確認。不過,截至目前為止,中國官方公開資訊,仍未見這5億美元承諾的累計撥款明細。

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