
葉門叛軍青年運動被指利用中國供應商的零件仿製伊朗「凱巴爾・謝坎」中程彈道飛彈,若成功射程可達約1930公里,覆蓋沙烏地阿拉伯全境及以色列。衝突軍備研究組織查獲貨物中發現客製化金屬部件、飛彈馬達與彈體結構零件等軍民兩用物資,但尚未確認飛彈是否已製造完成。中國供應鏈成為調查焦點,中國稱遵守聯合國對葉門的武器禁運規定。
AI-generated summary
葉門內戰持續,青年運動長期依賴伊朗及真主黨提供飛彈,近年嘗試發展本土武器製造能力並擴大國際採購網絡。伊朗「凱巴爾・謝坎」飛彈於2022年首次公開,採用固體燃料推進系統,具備機動發射與精準導引能力。
伊朗2022年公開展示「凱巴爾・謝坎」中程彈道飛彈,葉門叛軍疑似嘗試利用進口中國零件仿製這款飛彈。(法新社資料照)
〔編譯陳成良/綜合報導〕葉門叛軍「青年運動」(Houthis,另譯胡塞武裝)正嘗試利用中國供應商提供的零件,仿製伊朗中程彈道飛彈。美國《華爾街日報》(WSJ)14日獨家報導,葉門當局查獲的貨物中,包含伊朗「凱巴爾・謝坎」(Kheibar Shekan)系列飛彈相關零件。若仿製成功,射程可能達約1930公里,涵蓋沙烏地阿拉伯全境及以色列。
衝突軍備研究組織(Conflict Armament Research,CAR)是一個追查戰區武器來源的研究機構。該組織根據葉門當局提供的資料發現,當局去年攔截2批藏有飛彈零件的貨物,飛彈設備被藏在其他商品之中。查獲物品包括客製化金屬部件、飛彈馬達與彈體結構零件、尾翼及固體燃料火箭馬達相關組件,另有測試設備、工具和原料,其中包括可抵禦飛彈飛行高溫的燒蝕防護材料。
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WSJ取得的報告指出,部分零件與伊朗「凱巴爾・謝坎」(Kheibar Shekan,意為「城堡破壞者」)系列飛彈相符。這款飛彈於2022年首次公開,採用固體燃料推進系統,可機動發射並具備精準導引能力。部分型號的彈頭段可在飛行末段脫離,並利用小型發動機調整方向,增加防空系統攔截的難度。
不過,查獲零件不代表飛彈已經製造完成。CAR資深分析師欣茨(Fabian Hinz)告訴WSJ,這些進口物資可能代表青年運動已開始製造,也可能仍在嘗試階段,實際進展尚無法確認。CAR在2024年底也曾記錄到與較短程「薩德爾」(Sadr)飛彈相關的客製化加工零件,但當時無法確認供應來源。
華府風險諮詢公司巴夏報告(Basha Report)創辦人巴夏(Mohammed al-Basha)指出,青年運動過去長期依賴伊朗及黎巴嫩真主黨提供飛彈,再組裝使用;近年則逐漸發展本土武器製造能力,並擴大走私及國際採購網絡。
中國供應鏈成飛彈零件調查焦點
CAR報告所列的運輸文件指向一家中國精密金屬加工業者。該公司對外宣稱專門生產航太客製化零件,但報告未公開公司名稱。部分查獲物品具有軍民兩用性質,另有零件則是專為飛彈用途設計。
WSJ引述聯合國報告及武器專家整理的資料指出,中國企業是遭查扣、原本運往青年運動的貨物中最大的來源地;多家遭美國制裁、供應青年運動無人機零件的業者也位於中國。中國則表示,遵守聯合國對葉門的相關武器禁運規定。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
美國將對涉嫌向青年運動供應零件的中國企業進行制裁調查
Likely · Within weeks
葉門叛軍將在未來數月內進行彈道飛彈試射以驗證仿製成果
Possible · Within months

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