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Back專訪:民主黨重掌國會,華府對台政策會出現轉向嗎?
專訪:民主黨重掌國會,華府對台政策會出現轉向嗎?
Politics
德国之声25 minutes agoPolitics11 min readChinaView translation

專訪:民主黨重掌國會,華府對台政策會出現轉向嗎?

德国马歇尔基金会印太项目负责人葛来仪接受德国之声专访,探讨美国中期选举后的对台政策、军售搁置影响及欧洲在台海的作用。

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第五届柏林台湾会议期间,德国马歇尔基金会印太项目负责人葛来仪接受德国之声专访。她指出,美国对台政策短期内不会重大变化,但140亿美元对台军售案遭搁置令人担忧,并呼吁欧洲更积极表态维护台海和平稳定。

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Why It Matters

第五届柏林台湾会议于2026年11月12日至13日在德国柏林举行,重点讨论美台关系及欧洲在台海局势中的作用。

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(德国之声中文网)2026年11月12日至13日,第五届柏林台湾会议在德国柏林举行。本台记者采訪了德国马歇尔基金会 (GMF)印太项目负责人葛来仪(Bonnie S. Glaser),就美国中期选举后的对台政策,以及欧洲在维护台海和平方面的角色等议题展开提问。

德国之声:美国中期选举后,民主党在国会参众两院都取得多数席位。这是否意味著国会将对特朗普政府的对台政策发挥更大的制约作用?

葛来仪:美国对台政策未来两年不会发生重大变化。民主党议员未来两年的首要任务将是兑现竞选期间对国内选民作出的承诺,包括降低生活成本、改善社会福利等。如果无法在国内议题上取得进展,民主党将难以在两年后的总统选举中争取胜利。

其次,总统及行政部门在关税等政策领域仍然拥有相当大的权力,国会能够发挥的制约作用相对有限。国会可以举行听证会、要求行政部门官员出席作证,但其政策影响力并非没有边界。

此外,美国国会对台湾的支持具有跨党派基础,我会特别关注《六项保证法案》(Six Assurances Act)未来是否有机会取得进展。特朗普政府上任后的前两年,这项法案没有取得进展。中期选举后,国会是否愿意推动这项法案值得关注,而参议院外交关系委员会主席将在决定法案能否进入立法程序方面发挥关键作用。总体而言,我不预期美国对台政策会发生太大变化。

注:1982年,美国与中华人民共和国发表《八一七公报》,承诺逐步减少对台湾的军售。为回应台湾对安全保障的关切,时任美国总统列根政府向台湾提出“六项保证”,包括美国没有同意设定终止对台军售的日期,也没有改变美国对台湾主权问题的立场。

德国之声:美国一笔约140亿美元的对台军售计划迟迟没有正式推进。您认为这会带来什么影响?

葛来仪:这笔140亿美元的军售计划显然已经被搁置,但并没有被取消。它目前尚未进入正式通知国会的程序,而这是军售推进过程中的下一步。我认为,迟迟不推进这笔军售会带来几方面代价。

首先,在美国正式通知国会之前,台湾无法进入相关武器装备的生产排期。军火生产本身需要时间,因此,程序上的延迟也意味著台湾获得装备的时间将进一步推迟。其次,这将损害美国在盟友之间的信誉,尤其是日本对美国安全承诺的信心。第三,也是我最担心的一点:这件事拖延得越久,中国就越可能认为自己对美国向台湾出售什么武器、何时出售拥有影响力,甚至拥有否决权。这是非常令人担忧的。

拜登政府时期,美国在对台军售常态化方面已经取得不少进展,逐渐开始像处理其他国家的军售需求一样处理台湾的申请:收到需求后推进审批,再将相关通知提交国会。

特朗普政府也推动对台军售,这一点值得肯定。2025年12月,特朗普批准了一笔价值111亿美元的对台军售方案,是美国历史上单次金额最大的对台军售。但这并不意味著美国已经做得足够多,也不意味著今后不需要继续对台军售。

这笔140亿美元的军售方案去年1月已经获得国会相关委员会的非正式批准,至今实际上已搁置11个月。我认为,在特朗普与习近平接下来两次峰会结束之前,美国不会正式向国会发出军售通知。

德国之声:这笔对台军售是否可能成为中美贸易谈判中的交易筹码?

葛来仪:不是。我认为这不是一项交易,也不是双方谈判中的交换条件。我的看法是,特朗普总统单方面决定暂缓推进这笔军售,因为这是习近平不希望看到的事情。真正的问题在于,特朗普准备将这项决定推迟多久。

德国之声:台湾即将在11月28日举行九合一地方选举。选举结果是否会影响台湾与美国及其他国家的外交关系?

葛来仪:我不认为地方选举会影响台湾目前的外交政策。台湾的外交政策由总统决定,而不是由地方市长或地方议会决定。

德国之声:那么,这次地方选举是否可能影响2028年的总统选举?

葛来仪:是有可能的,但在真正看到选举结果之前,我认为现在就作出判断还为时过早。多个地方选区的竞争都十分激烈,民进党能否赢得台北和新北尚不明朗,国民党方面甚至认为自己有机会赢得高雄。在选举结果真正揭晓之前,不宜过早判断台湾未来的政治走向。

德国之声:特朗普的言论让一些欧洲国家对美国是否仍然可靠产生疑问。您认为欧洲是否应该在支持台湾方面承担更大的责任?

葛来仪:特朗普总统的公开言论,让人们认为美国可能不再可靠,这并不令人意外。但我认为,如果观察实际发生的事情,就会发现美国与台湾的关系非常牢固。双方在经济、科技和安全领域的合作都在持续深化。因此,实际情况与单纯关注特朗普言论时所形成的印象有很大不同。

至于欧洲,台湾在地理位置上距离欧洲很远,但如果台海发生任何意外,即使不是全面战争,哪怕中国干扰通过台湾海峡的外国船只,也会立即对欧洲国家产生影响。

因此,我认为欧洲国家和欧盟应当明确表明,它们在维护台海和平与稳定方面拥有重要利益。欧洲也可以加强与台湾的关系,并在各自认为合适的范圍内寻找支持台湾的方式。在可能的情况下,尤其是在领导人层级的沟通中,向习近平直接传达一个明确的信息:任何透过武力或胁迫改变台海现状的行为,都是不可接受的。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 在特朗普与习近平两次峰会结束之前,美国不会正式向国会发出军售通知。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 特朗普政府何时会正式向国会发出140亿美元的军售通知?
  • 欧洲国家未来是否会实质加强对台海和平的联合表态?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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